Unit 7
Nursing with Gifford at West Career and Technical Academy
About this deck
By: Kai Igayac
Created: 2012-01-04
Size: 90 flashcards
Views: 13
Created: 2012-01-04
Size: 90 flashcards
Views: 13
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abduction
moving away from the midline of the body; opposite motion of adduction
actin
contractile protein found in the thin myofilaments of skeletal muscle
adduction
moving toward the midline of the body, opposite motion of the abduction
adductor muscle
group of muscles of the leg that each originate on the pelvic bone and insert on the femur and draw the leg toward the midline of the body
aerobic training
continuous vigorous exercise requiring the body to increase its consumption of oxygen and develop the muscles' ability to sustain activity over a long period
all or none
when stimulated, a muscle fiber will contract fully or not at all; whether a contraction occurs depends on whether the stimulus reaches the required threshold
anabolic steroids
a lipid molecule of the steroid variety that acts as a hormone to stimulate anabolism in body tissues such as muscle
antagonist
those having opposing actions; for example, muscles that flex the upper arm are antagonists to muscles that extend it
atrophy
muscles shrinking in mass or increase
biceps brachii
the primary flexor of the forearm
biceps femoris
powerful flexor of the lower leg
bursa
small, cushion-like sacs found between moving body parts, making movement easier
cardiac muscle
the specialized muscle that makes up the heart
carpal tunnel sundrome
muscle weakness, pain, and tingling in the radial side of the wrist, hand, and fingers--perhaps radiating to the forearm and shoulder; caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel
diaphragm
membrane or partition that separates one thing from another; the flat muscular sheet that separates the thorax and abdomen and is a major muscle of respiration
disuse atrophy
from lack of exercise, muscles shrink in mass
dorsiflexion
when the top of the foot is elevated with the toes pointing upward
endurance training
continuous vigorous exercise requiring the body to increase its consumption of oxygen and developing the muscles' ability to sustain activity over a prolonged period
extension
increasing the angle between two bones at a joint
external oblique
the outermost later of the anterolateral abdominal wall
fatigue
loss of muscle power; weakness
flexion
act of bending; decreasing the angle between two bones at the joint
frontal muscle
one of the muscles of facial expression; it moves the eyebrows and furrows the skin on the forehead
gastrocnemius
superficial muscle of the calf of the leg, connected to the calcaneus bone of the foot by way of the Achilles tendon; its action is to dorsiflex the foot. bending it toes-upward
gluteus maximus
major extensor of the thigh and also supports the torso in an erect position
hamstring muscle
powerful flexors of the hip made up of the semimembranosus. semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles
hypertrophy
due to exercise, increase in muscle size
hypervitaminosis
condition caused by excess amounts of vitamins; usually associated with the use of vitamin supplements
hypothermia
subnormal core body temperature below 37 degrees Celsius
ilopsoas
a flexor of the thigh and an important stabilizing muscle for posture
insertion
attachment of a muscle to the bone that it moves when contraction occurs
intercostal muscles
the respiratory muscles located between the ribs
internal oblique
the middle layer of the anterolateral abdominal walls
isometric
muscle length during contraction and relaxation are about equal
isometric contraction
type of muscles contraction in which muscle does not shorten
isotonic
of the same tension or pressure
latissimus dorsi
an extensor of the upper arm
masseter
large muscle of the cheek, used to life the lower jaw and thus provide chewing movement
motor neuron
transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandular epithelial tissues
motor unit
a single motor neuron with the muscle cells its innervates
muscle fibers
the specialized contractile cells of muscle tissue that are grouped together and arranged in a highly organized way
muscles of facial expressions
allow us to communicate many different emotions nonverbally
muscles of mastication
responsible for closing the mouth and producing chewing movements
myofilament
ultramicroscopic, threadlike structures found in myofibrils
myosin
contractile protein found in the thick filaments of skeletal muscle
neuromuscular junction
the point of contact between the nerve endings and muscle fibers
orbicularis oris
facial muscle that puckers the lips
origin
the attachment of a muscle to the bone that does not move when contraction occurs, as distinguished from insertion
oxygen debt
continued increased metabolism that occurs in a cell to remove excess lactic acid that resulted from exercise
paralysis
loss of the power of motion, especially voluntary motion
pectoralis major
major flexor of the upper arm
peroneus group
plantar flexors and evertors of the foot; the peroneus longus forms a support arch for the foot
peroneus longus
forms a support arch for the foot
plantar flexion
action of the bottom of the foot being directed downwards; this motion allows a person to stand on his or her tiptoes
posture
position of the body
prime mover
the muscle responsible for producing a particular movement
pronation
to turn the palm downward
quadriceps femoris
extensor of the lower leg
rectus abdominus
muscle that runs down the middle of the abdomen; protects the abdominal viscera and flexes the spinal column
rectus femoris
extend the lower leg
rotation
movement around a longitudinal axis; for example, shaking your head "no"
sacromere
contractile unit of muscle; length of a myofibril between two Z bands
semimebranosus
serve as powerful flexors of the lower leg
semitendinosus
serve as powerful flexors of the lower leg
skeletal system
muscles under willed or voluntary control
sliding filament model
during contraction, the thick and thin myofilaments in a muscle fiber first attach to one another by forming "bridges" that act as levers to ratchet or pull the myofilaments past each other
smooth muscle
muscles that are not under conscious control
sternocleidomastoid
"strap" muscle located on the anterior aspect of the neck
strength training
contracting muscles against resistance to enhance muscle hypertrophy
stimulus
agent that causes a change in the activity of a structure
supination
to turn the palm of hand upward; opposite of pronate
synergist
muscle that assists a prime mover
synovial membrane
connective tissue membrane lining the spaces between bones and joints that secrets synovial fluid
temporal
muscle that assists the masseter in closing the jaw
tendon
bands or cords of fibrous connective tissue that attach a muscle to a bone or other structure
tendon sheaths
tube-shaped structure lined with synovial membrane that encloses certain tendons
tenosynovitis
inflammation of a tendon sheath
testosterone
male sex hormone produced by the interstitual cells in the testes; the "masculinizing hormone"
tetanic contraction
sustained contraction
think myofilaments
formed with protein myosin
thin myofilaments
formed with protein actin
threhold stimulus
minimal level of stimulation required to cause a muscle fiber to contract
tibialis anterior
dorsiflexor of the foot
tonic contraction
special type of skeletal muscle contraction used to maintain posture
transversus abdominis
the innermost layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall
trapezius
the carpal bone of the wrist that forms the saddle joint that allows the opposition of the thumb
triceps brachii
extensor of the elbow
twitch
a quick, jerky response to a single stimulus
vastus
wide; of great size
zygomaticus
muscle that elevates the corners of the mouth and lips; also known as the smiling muscle
About this deck
By: Kai Igayac
Created: 2012-01-04
Size: 90 flashcards
Views: 13
Created: 2012-01-04
Size: 90 flashcards
Views: 13
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
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