Untitled Flashcards

1.Which is the best strategy for cancer prevention?

a.Eating a diet high in animal products

b.Eating a diet high in oils

c.Eating a diet high in refined grain products

d.Eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables

e.Eating a diet high in meat and dairy products

2.Extra calories for pregnancy are needed mostly during which trimester(s)?

a. First

b.Second and third

c. Second

d.First and third

e.First and second

3.All of the following are barriers to breast-feeding EXCEPT?

a.Lack of role models

b.Having to carry a lot of equipment when traveling

c. Misinformation

d.Returning to work

4.At what age does hyperplasia of the brain cease? a. Birth

b.Eighteen months

c.Twenty-four months

d.Five years e.Before birth

5.The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that children can begin following heart- healthy, low-fat, low-cholesterol, diets after about...

a. Age1

b. Age2

c. Age5

d. Age7

6.Which series correctly ranks a woman’s daily calorie needs from most to least (assuming that physical activity is similar in all stages)?

a.Pre-pregnant, pregnant, lactating

b.Pregnant, lactating, pre-pregnant

c.Lactating, pre-pregnant, pregnant

d.Lactating, pregnant, pre-pregnant

e.Pre-pregnant, lactating, pregnant

7.Which statement is FALSE concerning vitamin A’s role in cancer prevention?

a.Vitamin A deficiency increases cancer risk in animals

b.Vitamin A added to cell cultures helps protect against the development of

cancer

c.Individuals with low blood levels of vitamin A are more likely to have cancer

d. A & b

e. B & c

8.The progression step in the three stage model of carcinogenesis involves...

a.Angiogenesis-formation of a blood supply to cells b.Unregulated replication of cancer cells, creating a tumor

c.Multiple instances of DNA damage to cells

d.Creation of an abnormal cell by carcinogens

e. A & b

9.Nutrition-related teratogens may include...

a.Beta-carotene supplements

b.Retinol supplements

c. Alcohol

d.A and c

e.B and c

10. Pregnant vegetarians need to pay special attention to obtaining adequate intake of which of the following micronutrients?

a.Vitamin B-12, iron, calcium

b.Vitamin B-3 (niacin), iron, calcium

c.Folate, iron, potassium

d.Biotin, magnesium, potassium

11. Nutrition-related risk factors for maternal and infant mortality include...

a.Consumption of more heme iron than non-heme iron

b. Pica

c.Dieting or fasting for more than 12 hours

d.A and c

e.B and c

13. You are most likely to consume nitrates and nitrosamines if you eat which of the following?

a.Carrots and iceberg lettuce

b.Yogurt and processed cheese

c.Bacon and cured meats

d.Sodas and other caffeinated beverages

14. Which of the following phytochemicals is found in soy foods and what is its activity in the body?

a.Limonene; prevents bacteria in the GI tract from growing

b.Genistein; inhibits the binding of estrogen to receptors on the cell membrane

c.Lignans; lowers the amount of estrogen precursor d.Indoles; prevents the production of cholesterol

15. A pregnant woman’s need fro which of the following sets of nutrients shows the biggest increase?

a.Protein, calcium, iron

b.Iron, calcium, vitamin D

c.Vitamin D, protein, vitamin B-12

d.Iron and folate

17. The composition of human breast milk changes during a feeding. Which most accurately describes the change?

a.Form low fat to high fat

b.From high fat to high protein

c.From high fat to high carbohydrate

d.From high carbohydrate to high protein

18. The best way(s) to assess infant growth is/are:

a.Height for age

b.Weight for age

c.Weight for height

d.A and b

e.A and c

19. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends no solid foods for infants until what age?

a.2-4 months

b.3-5 months

c.4-6 months

d.12 months

e.6-8 months

20. What statement about infants’ physiological or physical capabilities is FALSE?

a.Infants cannot digest starch, due to inability to produce amylase, until about 3 months

b.Solid food should not be introduced until the infant shows ability to control his/her tongue

c.Up until about 3 months of age, whole proteins from foods can be absorbed by the infant’s gut

d.The infant’s kidneys are fully functional and mature by about 2 weeks after birth

21. Comparing the nutrition needs of infants (<12 months of age) with children (>12 months of age), which statement is TRUE of children?

a. Kcal needs per kilogram of body weight are more

b. The requirements for vitamins and minerals do not go down

c. There is a faster rate of growth

d. Appetite usually increases

What types of foods are most often preferred by children?

a.Soft, mushy foods

b.Crisp, crunchy foods

c.Foods with mild flavors

d.A and c

e. B and c

23. Which is NOT true of carcinogens? Carcinogens...

a.Result from inadequate nutrient intake

b.Cause damage to DNA

c.Cause the initiation of cancer

d.Are sometimes ingest with food

e.May cause oxidative damage

24. The initiation of a cancer cell involves...

a.Genetic damage

b. Angiogenesis

c. Anti-hormones

d. Differentiation

e. Metastasis

25. Phytochemicals that prevent cancer by the induction of higher levels of detoxification enzymes do so at which stage in cancer development?

a. Initiation

b. Promotion

c. Progression

d. Regression

e.Both a and b

26. Which is NOT an event in the three-stage model of the development of cancer?

a. Initiation

b. Promotion

c. Differentiation

d. Progression

27. Premature infants catch up in growth by about age...

a.6 months

b.1 year

c.2to3years

d.6 years

e.2 to 3 months

28. Under which conditions should breastfeeding be avoided?

a.Maternal use of a medication that passes into breastmilk

b.Maternal smoking

c.Poor maternal diet

d.A and b

e.B and c

29. Malnutirion during infancy affects both hyperplasia and hypertrophy. How does malnutrition affect growth?

a.If hyperplasia is arrested, it is reversible

b.If hypertrophy is arrested, it is not reversible

c.If hypertrophy is arrested, it is reversible

d.A and b

e.A and c