Us History Unit 4: Closing Of The West

Wagons:

15 miles/day

open to attacks

Trains:

50 mph

Padded seats, heating, sleeping car

Cheyanne forced into barren area, they have to raid for food & supplie

John Evans ordes and attack, tells peaceful indians to head to fort lynch

Cheyanne go back to Sand Creek, fly white flag & amercan flag to show peace.

Chivington takes militia to Sand Creek, and attacks while they sleep.

Kill an mutilate 200-mostly woman and children

Military builds forts on trail andthe sioux become angry.

3 tribes use guerilla warfare.

DECEMBER 21ST 1866

crazy horse kills captin fetterman and entire company

Sioux promise to live on reservation

American Goverment will give supplies and proection.

Kiowa and Comanche refuse to move to reservation

Natives use guerilla warfare

Us Army moves al non-violent tribes to reservation and brutally kill all non-cooperating tribes

Civil War Hero

Sent to check Black Hills for gold & his reports lead to goldrush

Natives Protest

1. underestimate enemy

2. troops were tired

3. splits troops

Many people against violence

thinks natives should assimilate and give up their ways and change to culture of the whites

"Americanize" the natives

Makes them desire property and farming

160 acres farming/ 320 acres for grazing

Native ways are backwards

They need to change to white values

1800: 15 Million Buffalo

1886: less than 600

Hurt indians way of life

The Sioux continued to face problems

reduced rations

more retriction

cattle dying

They used the Ghost Dance hoping things will return to as they once were

American Army gets upset, they go to arrest Sitting Bull, but end up killing him- starts violence

7th Cavalry rounds up 350 Sioux & demand all their weapons. The open fire and kill over 300 unarmed Sioux and leave their bodies to freeze at Wounded Knee

Steel plow- used to break up tough soil without soil getting stuck to it (Steel was hard to get)

Barbed Wire- it was used to restrain cattle. protected where your land was. (you could get injured and tangled in it,

Harvester-a machine that harvests grain.

Water mill: uses a water wheel to drive a mechanical process

large, extremely successful farms.

Over-farming exausted the land

Crop prodution in drought years was poor

Cheap labor was hard to get