Veterinary Anatomy (osteology)

Veterinary Medicine 6100 with Fletcher/clarkson at University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

About this deck

By: Kate Lauer
Textbook:

Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Created: 2010-10-02
Size: 21 flashcards
Views: 96

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What are endochondral bones?

Bones that derive from cartilage precursors (most bones).

What are intramembranous bones?

Bones that form directly from mesenchyme (fascia).

Examples of intramembranous bones?

Bones of the calvaria and the face.

What are the three ways of classifying bones?

1. Development

2. Location

3. Shape

Axial skeleton includes:

Head, vertebral column (including tail), ribs, and sternum.

Appendicular skeleton includes:

Bones of limbs, including scapula and os coxae (hip bone).

Long bones are...

Greater in length than diameter

Short bones are...

Approximately equivalent in dimensions

Flat bones are...

Like the scapula, os coxae, many bones of the skull

Irregular bones are...

Short, with multiple processes (vertebrae).

Sesamoid bones are...

Small and seed-like, without tendons (patella).

Bone is composed of (GENERAL):

Lots of collagen (1/3 of bone by weight, 1/2 by volume)

and

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Function of bones (5)

Support (body shape and weight)
Levers (perform work)
Protection (of vulnerable organs)
Ca++ and PO4- reservoirs
Red marrow (source of blood cells).

Amount of strain a bone can withstand without breaking

Strength

Bone is best at withstanding what force?

Compression (especially against the grain- compressing long axes)

1/2 of compression

Tensile strength (comparable to tendons and ligaments)- pulling

1/4 of compression

Shear strength - most fracture are the result of shear forces (perpendicular to bone).

Bones are to provide adequate ___________ with minimal _____________.

1. strength

2. material (mass or weight)

Scapula is reinforced with what?

Only the spine of the scapula.

Economy of bone mass/weight (vs. strength) offers what evolutionary advantages?

Reduced metabolic requirements

Faster reaction capability

What are the three purposes of the patella (and sesamoid bones, in general)?

1. Eliminates tendon shear

2. Redirects lines of force (quadriceps femoris)

3. Increases torque: Torque = force of muscle x distance from the axis of rotation (sesamoid increases!)

About this deck

By: Kate Lauer
Textbook:

Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Created: 2010-10-02
Size: 21 flashcards
Views: 96

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis