virology review (lecture 1-3)

Massively large Virology review sheet: Lectures 1-3 Viruses to know coat genome members Picornaviridae: Naked, icosahedral virions single plus sense RNA Poliovirus, Rhinoviruses Hepatitis A Orthomyxoviridae: Enveloped, irregular shaped segmented minus sense RNA Influenza virus Rhabdoviridae: ?bullet shaped? capsid single plus sense RNA Rabies virus Retroviridae enveloped, various capsid morphologies: isometric for some: cone-shaped for HIV two identical plus sense RNAs. DNA replication intermediate (Animal retroviruses) HIV-1 Hepadnaviridae isometric dsDNA with ss gap Hepatitis B Herpesviridae Isometric capsid core dsDNA HSV I and II VSV/chickenpox EBV and CMV Ka[pso?s sarcoma virus Poxviridae Enveloped, large brick-shaped Ds DNA Smallpox Vaccinia Plus sense vs. Minus sense: A single strand of DNA that codes for an RNA that can be translated into a protein is called positive sense DNA. The complementary DNA strand is called minus, or negative sense DNA. RNA that is translatable into protein is called positive sense RNA. Basically the positive sense refers to the strand of genetic information that actually matters/ codes for something. Antigenic Shift vs. Antigenic drift: Antigenic drift, is a slow change in the genome of the viruses. Evolution style. Antigenic shift, is a very abrupt change in the genome, resulting from mixed nucleic acids after a co-infection of an organism. Spike Protruding attachment protein, that viruses use to attach to the host cell. c-receptor (coreceptor) Capsomere Basic subunit of capsid cpe Cytopathic effects: viral induced degenerative changes in the cell. plaque The part of the petre dish that doesn?t have any cells growing but should. Indicates the presence of some sort of antimicrobial agent. Like a virus. RDRP RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase dNTPs HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoside" \o "Nucleoside" Deoxynucleoside triphosphates (base pairs, AGCT) Titer The dilution in which 50% of the inoculated hosts are infected or killed. (infective does, or lethal does) hemagglutination When viruses agglutinate the red blood cells (make them clump) Quantal assays Determine viral titer by infecting animals, cells etc. Live specimens. quasispecies Group of closely related viruses, They differ my mutations. SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT