Vitamins

Health Promotion And Wellness 1050 with Swineheart at Cedarville University

About this deck

By: Taylor Cefola
Created: 2012-03-22
Size: 87 flashcards
Views: 8

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Vitamins

organic molecules required in very small amounts for cellular metabolism

Vitamin categories

water-soluble
fat-soluble

water-soluble vitamins

easily absorbed in sm. intestine
not stored

fat-soluble vitamins

bile required for absorption from sm. intestine
excess stored in liver, spleen, and fatty tissues

phytochemicals

nonnutritive substances in plant-based foods

Thiamine (B1) function

coenzyme in energy metabolism

Thiamine (B1) RDA

men: 1.2mg
women: 1.1mg

Thiamine (B1) sources

pork
grains
flours
legumes
seeds
nuts

Deficiency conditions of Thiamine

Ataxia
Tachycardia
wed beriberi
dry beriberi
wernickle=korsakoff syndrome

ataxia

muscle weakness
loss of coordination

tachycardia

rapid heartbeat

wet beriberi

manifests with edema
weakens heart muscle and vascular system

dry beriberi

affects nervous system
paralysis
extreme muscle wasting

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

most common disorder of the CNS
affect of chronic excessive alcohol intake

Toxicity of Thiamine (B1)

nontoxic
excess excreted in urine

Riboflavin (B12) function

coenzyme in the release of energy from nutrients in every body cell

Riboflavin (B12) RDA

men: 1.3mg
women: 1.1mg

Riboflavin (B12) sources

milk, asparagus, leafy dark greens, whole grains

Riboflavin (B12) deficiency disease

Ariboflavinous

a group of symptoms associated with Riboflavin deficiency
lips swollen
cheilosis
glossitis

cheilosis

swollen lips
cracks on corners of mouth

Glossitis

tongue is inflamed, swollen, and purple-red

Riboflavin (B12) toxicity

none

Niacin (B3) function

energy metabolism coenzyme
critical for glycolysis and TCA cycle

RDA of Nicin (B3)

16 mg NE

Sources of Niacin (B3)

meat, poultry, fish, legumes, enriched cereals, milk, coffee, tea

Deficiency of Niacin (B3) disease

Pellagra

Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia

Niacin (B3) toxicity

affects vascular system

Pyrodoxine (B6) function

coenzyme in the metabolism of amino acids and proteins

RDA for Pyrodoxine (B6)

1.3mg/day

Pyrodoxine deficiency

rarely occurs alone
dermatitis
altered nerve function

Pyrodoxine Toxicity

long term supplementation in megadose quantities
may cause ataxia and sensory neuropathy

Folate function

coenzyme
prevents spinobifida
prevents anencephaly

spina bifida

congenital neural tube defect
caused by the incomplete closure of the fetus's spine during early pregnancy

Anencephaly

congenital defect
the brain doesn't develop

RDA for folate

400 mcg

Folate deficiency

rapidly growing cells won't grow

folate toxicity

none

Cobalamin (B12) function

vitamin B12 coenzyme

Cobalamin (B12) sources

meats

intrinsic factor

produced by the stomach mucosa
must be present with B12 to absorb

Cobalamin (B12) deficiency disease

pernicious anemia

lack of intrinsic factor for B12 absorption

Cobalamin (B12) toxicity

none

Biotin function

assists in the transfer of CO2 from one compound to another

Biotin RDA

30 mcg

Biotin deficiency

none

biotin toxicity

none

Pantothenic Acid function

part of CoA

Pantothenic Acid RDA

5 mg

Pantothenic Acid sources

whole grains, cereals, legumes, meat, fish, poultry

Pantothenic Acid deficiency

none

Pantothenic Acid toxicity

diarrhea
water retention

Choline function

synthesis of ACh and lecithin

Choline RDA

men: 550mg
women: 425mg

Choline deficiency

rare

Choline toxicity

sweating, fishy BO, vomitting, liver damage, reduced growth

Scurvy

disease caused by lack of Vitamin C
weakens the body's CT's and causes inflammation to them

Vitamin C function

antioxidant
coenzyme
enhances absorption of nonheme iron
may reduce cancer risk

Vitamin C RDA

men: 90mg
women: 75mg

Vitamin C sources

fruits, veggies

Vit. C deficiency

may increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

Vitamin C toxicity

benign

Vitamin A function

maintain skin and mucous membranes

Vitamin A sources

animal fat-related foods

Vitamin A deficiency conditions

xerophthalmia
night blindness
keratomal acia

Xerophthalmia

ocular condition caused by Vitamin A deficiency

Night Blindness

inability of the eyes to readjust from bright to dim light

Keratomalacia

a hard, dry cornea condition

Vitamin A toxicity

rare

Vitamin D function

intestinal absorption of Ca and P

RDA of Vitamin D

5 mcg/day

Sources of Vit. D

body synthesis
butter, egg yolks, fatty fish, liver

Vitamin D deficiency

rickets
osteomalacia
osteoporosis

Vit. D toxicity

hyperglycemia
hypercalciuria

Vitamin E function

antioxidant

RDA of Vit. E

15 mg

Sources of Vit. E

plants, veggie oils

Vitamin E deficiency

cystic fibrosis
biliary Atresia

Vitamin E toxicity

none

Vitamin K function

cofactor in the synthesis of blood clotting factors

Vitamin K RDA

Men: 120mcg
Women: 90mcg

Sources of vitamin k

plants

vit. k deficiency

inhibits blood coagulation

vitamin k toxicity

hyperbilirubinemia

hyperfilirubinemia

excessively high levels of bilirubin

About this deck

By: Taylor Cefola
Created: 2012-03-22
Size: 87 flashcards
Views: 8

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis