Week 12, Lecture 1: The Civil Rights Movement

History 161 Week 12, Lecture 1: The Civil Rights Movement Origins of the Modern Movement Early Leaders and Strategies Booker T. Washington Ida B. Wells W.E.B. DuBois Henry McNeal Turner Frances E.W. Harper Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 1909 Goals and Strategies of the NAACP Awareness / Publicity ? Crisis magazine Lobbying for Favorable Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Action Local Campaigns with Grassroots Chapters World War II Era The Great Migration Continues Cultural and Political Implications From Regional to National Question A. Philip Randolph and the March on Washington Movement Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Executive Order 8802 ? Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Double Victory Campaign (?Double V?) Post-War Era President Truman and Civil Rights Moores Ford Lynching, Walton County, Georgia, 1946 George Dorsey (World War II veteran) Mae Murray Dorsey (wife of George) Dorothy Dorsey Malcolm (sister of George) Roger Malcolm (husband of Dorothy) Walter White, NAACP Anti-Lynching Bill President?s Committee on Civil Rights, 1946 Executive Orders desegregate military (9981) and civilian braches of federal government Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, 1954 Recap: Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896; Jim Crow Facts of the Case Legal Realism Reaction to Brown Decision Southern White Resistance ?With All Deliberate Speed? From Legalism to Non-Violent Direct Action The ?Movement? Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-56 Jo Ann Gibson Robinson, Women?s Political Council Rosa Parks Martin Luther King, Jr. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Civil Rights Act 1957 Sit-Ins and Freedom Rides Birmingham Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC ? pronounced ?snick?) Victories Civil Rights Act 1964 Voting Rights Act 1965 A New Direction Malcolm X Black Power SNCC Stokely Carmichael The ?Long Hot Summers? Kerner Commission Civil Rights Act 1968 Questions to consider: What were some of the major goals sought by civil rights activists, and how did those goals change over time? Who were some of the most important leaders of civil rights efforts? Compare their strategies. How did the Supreme Court get from the Plessy decision to the Brown decision? How can we explain the Court?s reversal? If you were invited as the guest historian to address the U of M law school, how would you explain the historical context for the Brown decision? In interpreting the civil rights movement, asses the relative importance of economic, demographic, and political change; the efforts of grassroots activists, and the role of charismatic leaders. (HINT: See the secondary essays in MP, ch.. 12) What part did the international context play in the American civil rights movement? Assess the successes and failures of the civil rights movement. History 161 W12, L1 Outline: Civil Rights p. PAGE 1