Week 8

StudyBlue printing of Week 8 html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } The Roman Empire (27 BCE - 476 AD) Styles from Pompeii - Masonry, Illusionism. Alexander the Great Battling Darius of Persia, mosaic, Pompeii Detailed, made of different colored tiles. On horse. Epic Battle. The Good Emperors Trajan, marble, 113 AD First of good emperors, fairly youthful, military leader. Roman empire reaches greatest extent. Column of Trajan, marble, Rome, 113-116 AD Nearly 100 feet tall. Wrapped around it is a frieze. Tells the story of 2 battles with Trajan and the Dacians. Bottom has deeper carvings, no hieratic scale. Trajan appears 59 times. 18 different drums. Stairway inside. The Forum of Trajan, marble, 117 AD Square, gathering place, right next to Augustus' forum. Basilica Ulpia, Rome, c. 112 AD Huge 2 story building, had open square. Hadrian, marble, c. 176 AD Born in today's Spain. Has a beard, first Roman emperor to have beard in portrait. Connecting himself to Greek scholars. Loved the arts. Eyes incised. Besides Augustus, he has the most remaining portraits. Pantheon, Rome, c. 118-128 AD Hadrian was responsible for the Pantheon. Pan means all so it's for all the gods. Built by Agrippa. Building got damaged in a fire so Hadrian fixed it. Greek front, Roman huge round space. Largest surviving dome from antiquity. In constant use. Massive space, 27 feet across oculus. Space can't be captured in a photograph, too big. Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli, c. 130-135 AD Collected greek works. Pond surrounded by sculptures. Antinous, marble, 131-138 AD Hadrian's lover, much younger man. Greek-like. Hadrian Hunting a Boar and Sacrificing to Apollo, marble, c. 130-38 AD Roundels, shows battles and Antinous. Battle of the Centaurs and Wild Beasts, mosaic, Hadrian's Villa, c. 118-128 AD Image from little pieces of stone. Tension in image. Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius, bronze, c. 176 AD Good emperor. Has a beard. Incised eyes. Farther along in the empire you get longer busts. Very literate, involved with Greek philosophers. On horse, military tunic, constantly at war, had to fight. Only bronze equestrian statue of a Roman Empire that survives before Constantine. Commodus as Hercules, marble, 191 AD Bad emperor. Natural son of previous emperor. Fancied himself as Hercules. Lion pelt on head. Club in hand. Wanted to be worshiped as a god in his own time. Huge harem, incest, loved gladitorial combat. Ultimately was murdered. The Severans Septimius Severus and his family, painted wood, c. 200 AD Devil like two pronged beard. Caracalla, marble, early 3rd century AD Septimius' son, he decided to erase his brother from all art. Damning of a memory. Other brother got murdered. Part of military. Mean or determined ruler? Baths of Caracalla, Rome, c. 211-217 AD Massive building open to Roman citizens. Massive scale. Would have had at least 3 pools, could fit thousands of people. The Soldier Emperors Philip the Arab, marble, 244-249 AD Rapid succession of emperors. Not stable, looks worried. Didn't rule very long. Elagabalus, marble, undated Portrait of 17 year old emperor. Horrible ruler, dragged through streets and dumped in sewer. The Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus, marble, c. 250 AD Coffin, shift to save body. Deeply carved relief. Late Empire The Tetrarchs, porphyry, c. 300 AD Tetra means 4. To anchor power 4 people shared the power. Divide empire into 4 parts. North, south, east, west. Primarily east and west. Each has a pair of rulers. Augustus is older figure, Ceasar is younger. Older has hand on younger. Abstracted. Equality. Purple stone, royal color. Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, Rome, c. 306-313 AD End of tetrarchy. Fighting broke out. Massive scale, meting hall. Constantine the Great, marble, 325-315 AD Becomes sole emperor wins with battle of Milvian Bridge. Passes Edict of Milan in 313 AD. Huge eyes, abstracted portrait, massive scale. Arch of Constantine, Rome, 312-315 AD Large scale architecture, decorative. Roundels, sculpture and pilasters. Mixed and matched ideas, actually took them from others like Hadrian, Trajan and Marcus Aurelius. Links him to good emperors. 3 arches. Constantine's Basilica, Trier, Germany, early 4th century AD Large, long and narrow hall. Basic outside, more elaborate inside. Now used as a church. Terms mosaic - little pieces put together. tesserae - individual stone tile parts. roundels - round reliefs oculus - opening in center of dome. coffers- niches in ceiling. indentations, feels lighter. basilica - meeting hall. tetrarchy - 4 rulers. Battle of Milvian Bridge - 312 AD, Constantine is upset with gods. Has a vision that drawing crosses on shields will help him win. Positive with Christianity after that. Edict of Milan - passed in 313 AD, Constantine guarantees religious tolerance.