World Civ Honors FINAL

World Civilizations Honors with Kinsella at northern valley old tappan

About this deck

By: Krista Budinich
Created: 2011-06-15
Size: 124 flashcards
Views: 41

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Long March

6000 mile journey made by communist Chinese to escape Nationalist troops

Lost Generation

group of American writers who had rebelled against what America had become, saying it was no cosmopolitan and americans should travel to cosmopolitan cities like London and Paris

Manchukuo

Japanese state ran but a puppet governor; formed in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia

Manchurian Incident

using an explosion on Japanese-controlled Southern Manchurian railroad as an excuse, Japanese military forces conquered Manchuria and set up a puppet government (Manchukuo)

Mandate

the Chinese belief that royal authority is the result of divine approval

Marxism-Leninism

bolshevism; expounded by Lenin, looked to an uprising of proletariat that would abolish private property and enforce social equality

May Fourth Movement

day when thousands of students in Beijing demanded change with protests and strikes because the Versailles treaty would not allow China to reclaim its colonies lost to Japan

McCarthyism

named after Joseph McCarthy; claimed he had a list of 250 communists in the government

Meiji Restoration

when Emperor Meiji (Mutsuhito) returned to power in Japan; learned from China's failure that reform was the best way to preserve Japanese strength

Mensheviks

white army; enemy of the bolsheviks who opposed communism and received help from the US and France

Mikhail Gorbachev

soviet leader who agreed with Reagan on the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty- eliminated certain types of missiles; developed glasnot (openness to talk about Russia's problems) and perstroika (restructuring)

Ming Dynasty

defeated the Yuan dynasty; discovered tremendous technology and exploration to build economic growth

Mohandas Gandhi

Indian Lawyer who organized peaceful protests against the British 'quiet india'; two concepts- ahimsa (non violence to living things) and civil disobedience (refusal to obey unjust laws)

Mustafa Kemal

led Turkish forces against Greeks and founded the Republic of Turkey

National Self- Determination

one of the points in 14 points plan; the right of people to choose their own governments

NATO

national treaty organization; military alliance of 12 western nations

Neville Chamberlain

British prime minister who developed the policy of appeasement (giving into aggressive demands to avoid war)

October Revolution

Bolshevik Revolution; armed bolshevik factory workers attacked provisional government; Lenin took over and established a communist society

Nicholas II

Russian czar who ruled as an autocrat; decided to take personal control of the military, losing control of Russia to Rasputin

Open Door Policy

made by US secretary John Hay that declared that all trade in Asia should be kept open

Opium War

when British traded Opium for tea on the Black market; meant to balance trade but reversed as the demand for opium in china was higher than the demand of tea; crippled chinese economy

Oswald Spengler

wrote 'The Decline of the West'; described how European civilization had finished its life cycle

Palestine

ancient Jewish homeland; where Britain wanted to carry out the Zionist Movement

Paternalism

policy of having the authority restricting the freedoms of those who are subordinate to them

Platt Amendment

signed after Cuba became US protectorate in Spanish American War; allowed US to intervene in Cuba to approve foreign treaties and to lease land at Guantanamo Bay for a naval base

PLO

recognized Israel's right to exist; represented the Palestinian people

Polish Corridor

Danzig; Hitler wanted this to connect East Prussia to the German mainland, uniting all parts of his empire

Porfirio Diaz

came to power in Mexico after Maxemilion; ran the country with military; modernized through foreign investment but most remained poor

Potsdam Conference

a meeting of allied leaders in the German city of Potsdam to address issues about post WWII Europe

Protectorate

a territory that has its own government but is controlled by a foreign power; 'puppet king'

Qing Dynasty

came to power when Manchurian soldiers took over ming dynasty; 'pure dynasty'; embraced Chinese culture to be accepted

Ram Mohun Roy

an activist who wanted to abolish several aspects of traditional Indian society; felt that the British were violating Indian people's rights; believed that all religions conveyed the same message

Reza Shah Pahlavi

led and overthrow of Persia's shah and made Persia an independent nation of Iran

Roosevelt Corollary

a policy proposed by Roosevelt as an addition to the Monroe Doctrine; it pledged to use US military force to prevent European interference in Latin America

Rowlatt Agreement

allowed British to deal harshly with the growing opposition in India

Rudyard Kipling

stated that the European's duty in Africa was the white man's burden and celebrated imperialism and paternalism

Russian Revolution

led by Father Gapon; led a group of protesters to Winter Palace of czar but were shot down by military; led to development of October Manifesto by Nicholas II

Schleiffen Plan

made by German military planners; German troops should quickly defeat France in west and then head east to fight Russia

Self-strengthening Movement

movement started by Qing officials that wanted to modernize and bring western knowledge and language to China and still keep China's culture

Sepoy Mutiny

a rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers, fighting in British army, against the British in India; began when new bullet shells were introduced that were greased with pork/beef fat

Shaka Zulu

leader of group of people who resisted colonialism in South Africafor 50 years until British finally took over

Shogun

supreme military ruler and the real power in Tokugawa Japan (limited contact with outside world)

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

a US law that set extremely high tariffs on imports in an effort to protect american farmers and manufacturers; the result was an increase in the Great Depression

Society of Harmonious Fists

known as 'boxers'; secret society that combined martial arts, a hatred of foreigners, and a belief that they were invulnerable to western weapons; nationalists who wanted to glorify China

Spanish-American War

started when US thought that Spanish blew up their battleship in Cuba- Maine; spanish defeated and US received puerto rico and guam and bought Philippines

Sphere of Influence

a territory in which a country claims exclusive political or economic rights

stream of consciousness

written by James Joyce; wrote about Ulysses in the character's point of view and everything he thought about in an unorthodox style; used portmanteau

swadeshi

'own country'; boycott of British goods in India

T.S. Elliot

wrote 'wasteland'; the moral and spiritual decay of society

Taiping Rebellion

led by followers of Hong Xiuquan (believed he was the brother of Jesus); captured territories in southeast china and Nanjing; put down by Qing, French, and British army

Treaty of Nanjing

an unequal treaty; benefitted Europe at the expense of China; opened all trade ports in China and gave British extraterritoriality

Treaty of Shimonoseki

recognized the independence of Korea; gave territories to Japan, including Taiwan

Treaty of Versailles

forced Germany to pay enormous amounts of money to war victims, take full responsibility for the war, limit the size of the military, return conquered lands, and established the League of Nations

Triple Alliance

WWI; Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (later dropped out because they felt they were now on the offensive)

Triple Entente

WWI; France, Great Britain, Russia

Velvet Revolution

peaceful revolution in Czechoslovakia that pushed communists out of power

Venustiano Carranza

declared himself president of Mexico after Huerta

Vishy France

southern area of France that got along with Hitler; led by Henri-Phillipe Petain

War of Attrition

a war of who can survive the longest; ex: bleed france white

Washington Naval Conference

nine powers with interests in Asia; agreed to sign 5 Power Treaty(10 year naval break) and Nine Power Pact(no more Chinese territory)

Yalta Conference

a meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin to reach an agreement on what to do with Germany after WWII

Zheng He

admiral, diplomat, and explorer who led the chinese fleet to more than thirty countries during the Ming Dynasty

Winston Churchill

British prime minister who believed that the allies should make a stand on Hitler while they have powerful united nations

King Leopold

belgian king that claimed territory of Congo Free State in Africa for personal wealth; took advantage of demand for rubber in Europe and forced millions of Congolese to overwork in plantations

Zionist Movement/ Zionism

wanted to create a Jewish state in the Middle East/ Jewish nationalist movement

Zimmerman Note

a telegram from Germany sent to Mexico telling them to declare war on the US; Germany wanted Mexico involved so they would not have to send resources overseas to fight the US

Kashmir

region near the northern part of India and Pakistan that was the site of much dispute

Ngo Dinh Diem

led south vietnam; opposed by Vietcong who wanted to rid him from teh government

Deng Xiaoping

became China's leader and enacted market reforms such as the four modernizations( agriculture, science/technology, national defense, and industry)

Tiananmen Square Massacre

pro-democracry protestor killed after leaders of China attempted to remove them after many attempts

Alsace-Lorraine

Germany got most of those territories after the Franco-Prussian War

14 Points

President Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post-World War I Europe and for avoiding future wars

Armenian genocide

Turkish government wanted to eliminate Armenian Christian minority to establish pan-Turkic state

Alexander Kerensky

served at the head of the Russian Provisional Government from July-October 1917; with the Bolshevik October Revolution he was forced to flee the country, remaining in exile for the remaining 53 years of his life.

Battle of the Marne

first World War battle fought between 5 and 12 September 1914. It resulted in an Allied victory against the German Army

Allied Powers

the alliance of Britain, France, and Russia in World War II; joined by the United States after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941

Amritsar Massacre

an event in which British troops fired on a large crowd of peaceful, unarmed Indian protestors, killing some 400 people; it led to a campaign of protest led by Gandhi

Cambodian genocide

Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge: hoped to turn Cambodia into communist state while also creating a peasant farming community

Bataan Death March

a forced march of American and Filipino prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in the Philippines in World War II

Battle of Britain

three month air battle between Germany and Great Britain fought over Great Britain during World War II; Britain's victory forestalled a German invasion

Battle of El Alamein

World War II battle in which Britain won a decisive victory over Germany in Egypt

Battle of Midway

World War II naval battle fought in the Pacific; the Americans broke the Japanese code and knew the date and location of the attack, setting the stage for a major American victory

Communism

economic and political system in which government owns the means of production and controls economic planning; a socialist economic system without social classes

Battle of Stalingrad

World War II battle between invading German forces and Soviet defenders for control of Stalingrad, a city on the Volga River; each side sustained hundreds of thousands casualties; Germany's defeat marked a turing point in the war

Battle of Verdun

the longest battle of World War I; it ended in stalemate, with both sides suffering hundreds of thousands of casualties

Bay of Pigs Invasion

the failed attempt of Cuban exiles backed by the U.S. to overthrow the Cuban socialist government of Fidel Castro

Berlin Conference

a meeting at which representatives from European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa

Berlin Wall

was erected in August 1961 to prevent the outflow of skilled manpower from the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and other Soviet bloc countries into the Western-controlled sectors of the city and thence into the West as a whole.

Bolsheviks

Marxists whose goal was to seize state power and establish a dictatorship of the proletariat; Soviet Communists

Causes of WWII

-anti-communism

-anti-semitism

-propaganda

-treaty of versailles

-reparations and world war I payments

-great depression

Cecil Rhodes

British imperialist and business magnate; he was one of the foremost advocates of expanding the British Empire and was a strong believer in the superiority of the "Anglo-Saxon" race

Central Powers

the alliance between Germany, AUstria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire during World War I

Cetshwayo

King of the Zulu Kingdom from 1872 to 1879 and their leader during the Anglo-Zulu War

Chechnya

area in Russia were bloody fighting took place after ethnic unrest and failure to gain independence

Fascism

a totalitarian system of government that focuses on the good of the state rather than on the good of the individual citizens

Cuban Missile Crisis

confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba

D-Day

June 6th,1944; the first day of the Allied invasion of Normandy in World War II

David Lloyd George

British Prime Minister during World War I

Dayananda Sarasvati

Hindu ascetic and social reformer who was the founder (1875) of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movementadvocating a return to the temporal and spiritual authority of the Vedas, the earliest scriptures of India.

General Samsanoff

led the Russian failure at Tannenberg against the Germans during WWI

Dimitrievich

founder of the Black Hand

Duma

the Russian assembly formed after the Revolution of 1905 in charge of approving all laws

Economic Nationalism

an economic policy establishing protective tariffs on imports and exports; intended to protect domestic industry

Great Famine in Ireland

Airborne virus killed potato crop; British government refused to help

Enola Gay

plane that held the atomic bombs during World War II

Ethiopia & independence

When Africa was divided up by European powers at the Berlin Conference, Ethiopia was one of only two countries that retained its independence. It was one of only four African members of the League of Nations. After a brief period of Italian occupation, Ethiopia became a charter member of the United Nations.

European Economics

-European Union

-Socialism

Evacuation at Dunkirk

the evacuation of Alliedsoldiers from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, France, between 26 May and the early hours of 3 June 1940, when British, French and Belgian troops were cut off by the German army during the Battle of Dunkirk during World War II

Examples for the Policy of Containment

-Truman Doctrine

-Marshall Law

-Berlin Airlift

-NATO

India’s Independence

The central and eastern areas of the state came under Indian administration as Jammu and Kashmir state, while the northwestern quarter came under Pakistani control as Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas. Although a UN peacekeeping force was sent in to enforce the cease-fire, the dispute was not resolved.This deadlock has intensified suspicion and antagonism between the two countries.

Extraterritoriality

the right of citizens to be tried in the courts of their native country rather than in the courts of the country that they are living in

Francisco "Pancho" Villa

Mexican bandit and revolutionary leader; he led revolts against Victoriano Huerta. He was pursued by the U.S. but evaded General Pershing

Gallipoli Campaign

failed attempt by the ALlies in WWI to take control of the Dardanelles

Georges Clemenceau

He served as the Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1908, and again from 1916 to 1920. For nearly the final year of World War I he led France, and was one of the major voices behind theTreaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference in the aftermath of the war. He is commonly nicknamed "Le Tigre" (The Tiger) and "Père-la-Victoire" (Father Victory) for his determination as a wartime leader.

Glasnost

"openness; refers to a new era of media freedom in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s

Guomindang

Chinese National People's Party formed in 1912 after the overthrow of the Manchu Empire, and led by Sun Zhong Shan (Sun Yat-sen)

Harry Truman

thirty-third president of the United States; he became president upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. He led the United States through the end of WWII and the beginning of the Cold War

Henry Cabot Lodge

Republican politician, proved a long-term adversary of Democratic PresidentWoodrow Wilson and, ultimately, his nemesis; wanted to be involved in WWI

Hung Hsiu-ch'uan (Xiuquan)

led the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, establishing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom over varying portions of southern China, with himself as the "Heavenly King" and self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ.

Iwakura Mission

Japanese diplomatic journey around the world, initiated in 1871 by the oligarchs of the Meiji period. Although it was not the only such "mission", it is the most well-known and possibly most important for the modernization of Japan after a long period of isolation from the West.

James Joyce

wrote "stream of consciousness" Ulysses-- portmanteu; "Finnigan's Wake"

Jean Jaures

became increasingly radical in his political views and after reading Karl Marx he began advocating socialism. He was not a revolutionary and supported the Independent Socialists led byAlexandre Millerand.

Munich Conference

hitler, chamberlain, daladier, mussolini: appeasement was instilled to maintain peace

John Maynard Keynes

British Economist; believed governments could prevent economic downturns through government spending

About this deck

By: Krista Budinich
Created: 2011-06-15
Size: 124 flashcards
Views: 41

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis