Ziance - Autonomic Nervous System

Pharmaceutical Sciences 1.6 with Chakraborty at Roseman University of Health Sciences

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By: Jon Warta
Created: 2011-11-10
Size: 63 flashcards
Views: 38

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Which nervous system can also be called the cranial sacral?

PNS

Which nervous system has short preganglionic nerves and long postganglionic nerves?

sympathetic

Which nervous system has long preganglionic nerves and short postganglionic nerves?

parasympathetic

Which nervous system can also be called the thoracolumbar?

sympathetic

Name some tissues innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves

heart

respiratory tract

stomach

small intestine

bladder

rectum

Effect of parasympathetic on heart

slows

Effect of sympathetic on heart

speeds

Which division of the ANS exhibits discrete discharge?

parasympathetic

Which division of the ANS helps respond to stress?

sympathetic

Which division of the ANS exhibits diffuse discharge?

sympathetic

The adrenal medulla is stimulated by

SNS preganglionic nerve stimulating nicotinic receptors of the adrenal medulla

The adrenal medulla releases

NE (15%)

Epi (85%)

Epi and NE influence tissues that have

a or B adrenergic receptors

like smooth muscle, glands, heart

What is the ANS tone of heart, bronchi, GI tract, and bladder?

PNS

What is the ANS tone of adrenal medulla and blood vessels?

SNS

PNS postganglionic n. terminals release

Ach

stimulates muscarinic cholinergic receptors

SNS postganglionic n. terminals release

stimulates a or B-adrenergic receptors

Main way NE is removed from synaptic gap

uptake into presynaptic nerve terminal

Enzyme that metabolizes NE and Epi taken up in postsynaptic tissue

catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT)

Two ways autonomic drugs work

increase or decrease amount of transmitter in gap

stimulate or block receptors on postsynaptic tissue

Main control center for ANS

hypothalamus

Input to hypothalamus

limbic system, cerebral cortex, senses

Output of hypothalamus

descending axons from hypothalamus increase or decrease activity of PNS or SNS

Input for pons and medulla

descending axons from hypothalamus

sensory nerves

Subconscious communication occurs between:

cerebral cortex, limbic lobe, and hypothalamus

Agonist for cholinergic receptors

Ach

Agonist for adrenergic receptors

Epi

Where does Ach synthesis occur?

nerve terminal

Enzyme: choline ----> Ach

choline acetyltransferase

Enzyme that metabolizes Ach in synaptic gap

acetylcholinesterase (AchE)

Cholinergic drugs that are M receptor agonists

direct-acting parasympathomimetics

Cholinergic drugs that are M receptor antagonists

direct-acting parasympatholytics

Cholinergic drugs that are AchE inhibitors

indirect-acting parasympathomimetics

Cholinergic drugs that are AchE regenerators

indirect-acting parasympatholytics

Enzyme to metabolize NE and Epi in presynaptic nerve terminals

monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Adrenergic drugs that are a or B agonists

direct-acting sympathomimetics

Adrenergic drugs that are a or B antagonists

direct-acting sympatholytics

Adrenergic drugs that release NE, inhibit uptake1, or inhibit MAO or COMT

indirect-acting sympathomimetics

Adrenergic drugs that decrease NE synthesis or release

indirect-acting sympatholytics

Long-term blockage of postsynaptic beta receptors ________ the number of receptors

increases

After abrupt removal of the antagonist, the effector tissue becomes ________ responsive to an agonist.

Black Box Warning for beta-blockers (B-adrenergic receptor antagonists)

should not be withdrawn abruptly, should be gradually tapered to avoid acute tachycardia and HTN

Phosphorylation of B2 receptor leads to binding of

B arrestin to phosphorylated residues ----> less cAMP, less receptor response, endocytosis of receptors

Effect of M3 agonist drugs

release EDRF, aka NO ---> vasodilation

Have no PNS nerves

blood vessels

Self-regulating decreasers of NE and Ach release

a2, M1, M2, D2

Release of NE requires

cAMP-induced influx of Ca++ into nerve terminal

Cotransmitters of ANS nerves

ATP

neuropeptide Y (NPY)

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in Ach nerve terminals

What does Ach activate prior to metabolism?

- postsynaptic M or N receptors (cholinergic)
- presynaptic autoreceptors (M1 and M2) to reduce further release of Ach

Adrenergic drugs affect the ______, while cholinergic drugs affect the _______

SNS, PNS

Release of NA requires

cAMP-induced influx of Ca++ into the nerve terminal

How does NE act as a presynaptic regulator of exocytotic release of NE?

binds a2 receptor on presynaptic n. terminal ----> inhibits adenyl cyclase ----> decreases intracellular Ca++ ----> decrease NE release

NANC nerves release a variety of NTs instead of Ach or NE. Name 5 of them

CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide)

NO (nitric oxide)

substance P

VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)

NPY (neuropeptide Y)

"Third division of ANS"

enteric nervous system (ENS)

Baroreceptor reflex - function

maintain minute-to-minute mean arterial pressure (MAP) ----> protect against short-term changes in BP

Carotid baroreceptors - function

maintain blood flow to brain

Aortic arch baroreceptors - function

maintain peripheral BP

Baroreceptors do not respond until MAP is

~ 50 mm Hg

up to ~ 180 mm Hg

Increased BP stretches baroreceptors, which _______ # of APs to cardiovascular center

increases

Increased BP _________ peripheral SNS activity and _________ peripheral PNS activity

decreases, increases

Decreased BP ___________ perpheral SNS activity and __________ peripheral PNS activity

increases, decreases

Effect of histamine on blood pressure

lowers ---> less baroreceptor stretch ----> down para, up symp

Effect of phenylephrine on blood pressure

raises ----> more baroreceptor stretch ----> up para, down symp

About this deck

By: Jon Warta
Created: 2011-11-10
Size: 63 flashcards
Views: 38

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj