Zoology LAB

Nursing 251 with Amanda at Southeastern Louisiana University

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By: erica blank
Created: 2011-06-08
Size: 136 flashcards
Views: 37

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Endoderm ... ex:lines internal surfaces of blood vessals, and hearts

forms the inner epithelium .

ex:

Mesoderm

gives ride to muscle , connective tissue and some epithelial tissue. A majority of mesenchyme also arises from the mesoderm.

Ectoderm

forms the outer epithelium skin and nervous tissue

Eptitheial, Connective, muscle , and nervous tissue

what are the four primary tissue types in adults

covering and lining structures or forming grandular tissue

what can epithelum b described as ?

1. lines all body sufaces , inside and out

2. lines the lumen of blood vessals , ducts , body cavities as well as surfaces of respitory , digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts.

3. forms outer layer of skin

describe what epithelium covers and lines

1. forms the secreting portion of glands and ducts

2. includes both exocrine glands that secret substances outside the body including lumens and endocrine glands that secret substances in blood stream

descirbe how eptheial tissue forms the grandular eptihelium

!. Apical/ free space

2. cell mass

3. basal surface

4. basement membrane

what are the four structures of epithethial tissue?

apical/ free surface

the surface of the cell mass exposed to a body cavity , lining of an internal organ or to the exterior of the body

cell mass

region of tightly packed cells , little or no intercellular matrix

basal surface

surface of cell mass attached to the basement membrane

basement membrane

attaches to the epithelium to the underlying connective tissue

1. avascular

2. innervated

3. proliferative

what are the characteristics of epithelial tissue

avascular

no direct blood supply; nutrients must diffuse across the basement membrane from the underlying connective tissue

innervated

extensive network of nerve endings / sensory receptors

proliferative

high rate of cell division, easily replace or repaired

squamous, cubodial, columnar, and transitional

what are the four types of cell chapes?

squamous

flat , thin cells that allow rapid diffucion

cubodial

cube cells that are as wide as they are tall and their function is secretion and absorption

columnar

column cells that are taller than they are wide and have many functions such as absorption

transitional

irregularly shaped cells with round nuclei

they are found in organs that strectch like the urinary bladder

single, straitified , and pseudostratified

what are the 3 layers in the cell

single

layer is one cell thick

straitified

cell is 2 or more cell layers thick

pseudostratified

one cell layer thick but appears to have mutiple layers due to the cell nuclei located at varying depths. All of these cells touch

mesothelium and endothelium

two types of simple squamous epithelium are...

lines outside structures and has a serous membrane

what does mesothelium mean?

lines inside of structures . ex. blood vessals and heart, and serous membrane

what does endothelium mean?

filtration, osmosis, diffusion, and secretion.

fried eggs

what are the function of the simple squamous epithelium?

what does the cells look like through a microscope?

located in moist areas such as vagina, mouth , nose.

function is to lubricate and protect

mucous membrane.

also , you see cells throughout the whole cell going up

explain nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium location and function and the type of membrane

location is in hair, nails and skin

function is protection

membrane is cutaneous

also, the cells are died off at the top of the cell and sometimes a white layer is shown.

explain keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and its location, function and membrane

location: kidney tubule, ovarie lining

function:secretion and absorption

these cells look like cheroos and have an opening and the inside has circles in it

explain simple cubodial epithelium and its location, function and membrane

villi

large convolutions that provide more surface area for activities like absorptin in small intestine

micro villi

non- motile finger like projections that increase the surface area for an individual cells for absorption

brush border

collective term for microvilli; the ribbion of micro villi that is obvious in all slides

goblet cells

goblet shaped unicellular exocrine glands that secrets mucus; they are found in airways of intestines. These prominent cells appear clear and may have a distinctive mucous plug.

cilli

movement on top of the cell

columnar epithelium

villi, microvilli, brush border, and goblet cells all appear in what type of cell tissue?

located gi tract

function is absorption and secretion

has a mucous membrane

has microvilli and goblet cells

its non-ciliated bc it doesnt have movement ontop cell

describe non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells structure, funcion and location and membrane?

located lining of the lungs

function is movement and secretion

has mucous membrane

explain pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium location and function and membrane

location is uretha

function is stretching

has a whole in middle or space

explain transitional epithelium tissue

connective tissue

epithelial membranes consist of an epithelial tissue layer supported by a ....

mucous membrane

this membrane lines body cavities that open to the exterior including the entire digestive, respiratory , and reproductive tracts

non-keratinized stratified squamous mucous membrane, simple columnar epithelium mucous membrane, and pseudostratified ciliated columnar mucous membrane

what are the 3 types of mucous membranes?

non-kerantinized stratified squamous mucous membrane

lines nasal passages, upper and lower digestive tract, and lower reproductive tract

simple columnar epithelium mucous membrane

lines stomach, intestines, and portions of the respiratory and reproductive tracts

psedostratified ciliated columnar mucous membrane

found in lining the upper respiratory tract such as the nasal septum, trachae , and bronchi

serous membranes

line body cavities that do not open to the exterior . open outside

connective tissue

generally areolar and epithelial tissue is usually simple squamous

parietal and visceral layer

what are the components of the serous membranes

partial layer

layer of simple squamous epithelium attached to the cavity wall

visceral layer

layer of simple squamous epithelium attached and covering the organs inside the body cavity

serous fluid

secreted between the pariteal and viscreral layers to lubricat

peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium

3 types of serous membranes

peritoneum

the parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity and the visceral peritoneum covers many but not all of the abdominal organs

pleura

the parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity and the visceral pleura covers the lungs

pericardium

the pariteal pericardium forms and lines the cardiac chamber and the visceral pericardium covers the heart

cutaneous membrane...... connective tissue

this membrane forms the skin. epithelium is composed of keratinized stratified squamous lubricated by sebum and prespiration. this tissue is a mixture of areolar, adipose, and dense irregular connective tissue

synovial membrane

this is a type of connective tissue membrane

synovial membrane

lines joint cavities

synnovial membranes

a layer ...........near the synovial cavity secrets synovial fluid , which that secretes snoyvial fluid , which lubricates and norishes the cartliage lining the bones.

macrophages

these are present to remove microbes and debris.

areolar and adipose

....... and ..... are deep to the synoviocytes

Homeostasis

a condition of equilbirium where the body maintains the internal enviroment within pysological limits

Physiological limits ex. blood glucose

the narrow range of values between which life can be sustained

ex.

external stimuli and internal stimuli

homeostatsis is continually being disrupted by ..................or .......................

feedback cycles , monitored, evaluated, and changed

homeostasis is maintained through .......where a conditioned is 1. 2. 3.

sensory receptors

this detects a stimuus and monitors it.

-you find this receptor in your skin, eyes, nose

Control Center

this evaluates information'

- this is also found in your brain and spinal cord

Effector

this recieves a signal from the control center and responds to bring a change

- causes a change back to normal or away

negative feedback cycles ex. body temp

this occurs when deviations from normal are corrected.

these are common in the body and are used for conditions that need frequent adjustments.

Ex.

positive feeback cycles ex: giving birth

occurs when deviations from normal are encourages and the original stimuus is intensified.

this is less common

ex:

integumentary system

skin, hair, sweAT GLANDS , SEBACEOUS OIL GLANDS , nails

protection, regulates body temperature,vitamin d process

what is the function od the integumentary system:

skeletal system

bones, jonts, associatedcartliges and ligament

protection, stores minerals, blood cell production within bone

what is the finctions of the skeltal system?

muscular system

skeletal muscles , associated tendon and ligaments

voluntary movement, tendons and ligaments, involved breathing, and regulating body temperature

what are the function of muscular system

nervous system

brain, spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs

sensory input, intergration, motor output

what are the functions of the nervous system?

endocrine system

hormone producing glands:pineal, hypothalamus, pitiuary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adreneal, pancreas, ovares , and testes

regulating mood, growth and development , tissue function, metabolism , reproduction

what are the functions of the endocrine system

cardiovascular system

heart, blood vessals , blood

transposts vital nutrients and removes metabolic waste and regulates body temp.

what are the functions of the cardiovascualr systme?

lymphatic system

lymphatic fluid and vessals, spleen, thymus, nodes and tonsils. Also associated with immunity

collects and transposrts tissue fluids, returning plama proteins to bloodstream

what are the function of the lymphatic system?

respatory system

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs

supplies oxygen to blood stream

what are the functions of the respiratoy system?

urinary system

kidneys, uterus, urniary bladder, uretha

removes liquid waste from blood to urine, keeps blance salts in blood

what are the functions of the urinary system?

digestive system

primary digestive organs such as GI TRACT, the path the food takes through the body , and consists od mouth, esphogus , stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Acessory organs include teeth, gall bladder, liver

digestion and absorption

what are the functions of the digestive system?

reproductive system

testes, epididymus, penis , breasts, mammary glands, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina

transports sprem, discharges sprem, produces and secretes male sex hormones. Females maintain reproduction cells, fertilization, menstrate

what are the functions of the reproductive system?

superior

above

superior

below

anterior/ventral

front of body

posterior/dorsal

toward back

medial

middlw

lateral

towards sides

proximal

here or close to groin or neck orgin

distal

further away from neck or groin rgin

superficial

towards surface

deep

towards inside

contralateral

opposite side

ipsilateral

same side

ex:right leg right arm

prone

palms facing back

supine

palms facing font

cephalic (head) region
cervical (neck) region
trunk

- thorax

- abdomen (abdominal region)

- pelvis (pelvic region)

4. upper limbs

5. lower limbs

what are the 5 anatomical regions of the body?

1. frontal

2. sagittal

3. transverse

4. oblique

what are the four anatomical planes?

frontal(forehead)
orbital(eye)
nasal (nose)
oral(mouth)
otic (ear)
buccal (cheek)

occipital(base of skull

what are he markings in the cephalic region?

nuchal (back of neck)

what is the cervical marking?

thorax
pectoral (chest)
sternal ( breast bone)
scapular (shoulder blade)
vertebral

mammary (breast)

what are the markings for th trunk region?

1. umblical (navel)

2. lumbar(loin)

what are the markings in the abdomen region?

pelvis
coxal (hip)
inguinal (groin)
pubic(genital)
sacral (between hips)

gluteal (buttock)

what are the markings for the pelvic region?

Acromial (shoulder)
axilla/axillary (armpit)
brachium/brachial (arm)
antecubital (anterior elbow)
carpal (wrist)
manus/manual (hand)
plamar (plam)
digits/digital (fingers)
olecranal (posterior elbow)

what are the upper limb markings?

femoral (thigh)
patellar (knee cap)
crural(leg)
sural (calf)
popliteal (hollow behind knee)
tarsal (ankle)
pedal (foot)
digits/digital (toes)
plantar(sole)
calcaneal (heel)

what are the lower limb markings?

1. cranial cavity

2. spinal cavity

- menings

whats in the dorsal body cavity?

what type of membranes are these cavities lined wih?

ventral body cavity

what cavity is divded into two cavities by the diaphragm

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

what twocavities are in the ventral body cavity?

A. mediastinum-touches heart

B> pericardial cavity- surrounds heart

C. pleural cavity-surrounds lungs

what are the parts of the thoracic cavity? and explain each part

serous membranes

what membrane is the ventral body cavity ?

1. abdominopelvic

2. pelvic cavity

what are the parts of the abdominopelvic cavity

above
below
stomach
lower back
cartliage-above or below
hip
groin

epi
hypo
gastric
lumbar
chondro
illac
inguional

r/l hypochondriac
r'l illiac
r/l lumbar
umblical
epigastric
hypogastric

what are the abdominopelvic regions?

1. right u. quadrant

2. right l. quadrant

3. l upper quad

4. left lower quad.

what are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?

connective

what is the most adudant and diverse tissue

connective tissue

- has cell and matrix

- no free space

- innervted except cartliage

- generally avascular except tendons

fibroblasts
macrophages
plasma cells
mast cells
adipocytes
leukocytes

secretes matrix
phagocytic
produces histamines
stores lipids
immune functions

protein fibers and ground substance

matrix is secreted by cells and is composed of .....embedded in fluid, jels, or a more substantial ....

metabolism

grounds substances plays an impo. role in

adhesion proteins , fibronective, collagen

binds components of ground substance together

ex.

glycosaminoglycans

polysachrides and proteins that conferspecific properties to ground substance

hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermaten sulfate and keratin

lubricates joints and maintains shape of eye

provides support and adhesion for cartliage

other ex:

About this deck

By: erica blank
Created: 2011-06-08
Size: 136 flashcards
Views: 37

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy