Zoology Terms

Zoology 2404 with Hanson at Texas Tech University

About this deck

By: Morgann Hambright
Created: 2011-01-30
Size: 93 flashcards
Views: 155

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Anatomy

"a cutting open," is the study of internal and external structures of the body and the physical relationships among body parts.

Physiology

study of how living organism perform their vital functions

Medical Terminology

involves the use of words roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms to construct terms related to the body in health and disease

Eponyms

commemorative names for the human body

Gross Anatomy

macroscopic anatomy which involves the examination of relatively large structure and features usually visible with the unaided eye

Embryology

study of the early developmental processes

Pathological Anatomy

study of the features that change during illness

Cytology

analysis of the internal structure of individual cells, the simplest units of life

Histology

examination of tissues

Integumentary System

protects against environmental hazards, helps regulate body temperature, and provides sensory information using skin, hair, sweat glands, and nails.

Muscular System

provides movement, protection and support for other tissues, and generates heat that maintains the body temperature.

Endocrine System

directs long-term changes in the activities of other OS. It adjusts matabolic activity and energy use by the body with the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, suparenal glands, gonads, and endocrine tissues in other systems

Skeletal system

provides support and protection for other tissues, stores calcium and other minerals, and forms blood cells using bones, cartilages, associated ligaments, and bone marrow

Nervous System

directs immediate responses to stimuli, coordinates or moderates activities of the other organ systems, and provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions using the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and sense organs

Cardiovascular system

distributes blood cells, water, and dissolved materials including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide using the heart, blood, and blood vessels

Lymphoid System

defends against infection and disease and returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream using the spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and tonsils

Digestive System

processes and digests food, absorbs and conserves water, absorbs nutrients (ion, water, and the breakdown products of dietary sugars, proteins, and fats) and stores energy reserves using the teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas

Male reproductive system

produces male sex cells (sperm), suspending fluids, and hormones, and is involved in sexual intercourse using the testes, epididymides, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, and scrotum

Female Reproductive System

produces female sex cells (ocytes) and hormones, supports developing embryo from conception to delivery, provides milk to nourish newborn infant, and is used in sexual intercourse using the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, and mammary glands

Respiratory System

delivers air to alveoli, provides oxygen to bloodstream, removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream, and produces sounds for communication using the nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and alveoli

Urinary System

excretes waste products from the blood, controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced, stores urine prior to voluntary elimination, and regulates blood ion concentrations and pH using the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Homeostasis

the existence of a stable internal environment of the human body; absolutely vital to an organism's survival

Autoregulation (intrinsic regulation)

occurs when a cell, a tissue, an organ, or an organ system adjusts its activities automatically in response to some environmental change.

Extrinsic regulation

results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system, two organ systems, that control or adjust the activities of many other systems simultaneously

Receptor

sensor that is sensitive to a particular environmental change, or stimulus

Control Center (integration center)

receives and processes the information supplied by the receptor and which send out commands.

Effector

cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center and whose activity either opposes or enhances the stimulus

Negative feedback

primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation and it provides long-term control over the body's internal conditions and systems.

Positive feedback

an initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the change in the original conditions, rather than opposing it

Anatomical position

human form where the body is positioned by the hands at the sides, with the palms facing forward, and the feet are together

Supine

a person lying down in the anatomical position is said to be this when face up

Prone

A person lying down in the anatomical position is said to be this when face down

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

formed by a pair of imaginary perpendicular lines that intersect at the navel

Frons

forehead

Nasus

nose

Oculus

eye (orbital or ocular)

Aurius

ear

Bucca

cheek

Cervicis

neck

Thoracis

chest

Mamma

breast

Umbilicus

navel

Manus

hand

Inguen

groin (inguinal)

Pubis

pubic region

Femur

thigh

Pes

foot

Cranium

skull

Facies

face

Cephalon

head

Oris

mouth

Mentis

chin

Axilla

armpit

Brachium

arm

Antecubitus

front of elbow

Carpus

wrist

Palma

palm

Pollex

thumb

Digits or phalanges

fingers; toes

Patella

kneecap

Crus

leg

Tarsus

ankle

Hallux

big toe

Cephalon

head

Acromion

acromial

Dorsum

back

Upper limb

arms of the body

lower limb

legs of the body

Planta

sole of foot

Calcaneus

heel of foot

Sura

calf

Popliteus

back of knee

Gluteus

buttock

Lumbus

loin

Olecranon

back of elbow

Transverse plane

lies at right angles to the long axis of the body, dividing it into superior and inferior portions

Frontal plane

coronal plane

Sagittal plane

parallel to the long axis of the body

the front; before

Ventral

the belly side anterior when referring to the human body

Posterior or dorsal

the back;behind

Cranial or Cephalic

the head

Superior

Above; at a higher level

Caudal

the tail

Inferior

below; at a lower level

Medial

toward the body's longitudinal axis

Lateral

away from the body's longitudinal axis

Proximal

toward an attached base

Distal

away from an attached base

Superficial

At, near, or relatively close to the body surface

Deep

farther from the body surface

Transverse or Horizontal

Perpendicular to long axis

Sagittal

parallel to long axis

About this deck

By: Morgann Hambright
Created: 2011-01-30
Size: 93 flashcards
Views: 155

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis