3-Stage Model of Memory at Massachuetts College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences

Rachel K.

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3-Stage Model of Memory

1) sensory memory (registers)

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2) short-term (working) memory

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3) long-term memory

Sensory Memory (SM)

set of sensory registers, one for each of our senses, serve as holding places for incoming sensory info. untill it can be attended to, interprted, and encoded into short-term memory

Iconic Memory

visual sensory register that holds an exact copy of the incoming visual input but only for a brief period of time, less then one second

Temporal Integration Procedure

experimental procedure in which two meaningless visual patterns that produce a meaningful pattern if integrated are presented sequentially with the time delay b/w their presentations varied

Sperlings Full-Report Procedure

an experimental procedure in which, following the brief presentation of a matrix of unrelated consonants, the participant has to attempt to recall the letters in the matrix

Sperlings Partial-Report Procedure

An experimental procedure in which following the brief presentation of of a matrix of unrelated consonants, the participant is given an auditory cue about which row of the matrix to recall

Short-term Memory (STM)

the memory stage with a small capacity (7+-2 chunks) and breif duration (<30 sec) that we are conciously aware of and in which we do our problem solving, reasoning, and decision making

Memory Span task

a memory task in which the participant is given a series of items one at a time and then has to recall the items in order in which they were presented

memory span

the adverage # of items an individual can remember across a series of memory span trials

chunk

a meaningful unit in a persons memory

distractor task

a memory task in which a small amount of info. is breifly presented and then the participant is distracted from rehersing the info. for a variable period of time, after which the participant has to recall the info.

maintance rehersal

a type of rehersal in short-term memory in which the info. is stored for a long period of time (perhaps permanently) and whose capacity is essentially unlimited

Long-Term memory

-Explicit Memory: (declaritive memory) memory that requires consious recall

--Episodic Memory: personal experiences

--Semantic Memory: factual knowledge

-Implicit Memory: (non-decaritive memory) memory that does not require consious recall

--Classical Conditioning: conditional responses automatically elicited by conditioned stimuli

--Procedural Memory: motor and cognitive skills involving procedures

--Priming: influence of an earlier presented stimulus on the response to a later

Explicit (declarative) memory

long-term memory for factual knowledge and personal experiences. Requires a consious effort to remember and entails making declarations about the info. remembered

--sematic memory: factual knowledge

--episodic memory: personal experiences

Implicit (non-decaritive) memory

long-term memory for procedural tasks, classical conditioning, and primary effects. Does not require consious awareness or the need to make declarations about info. remembered

--procedural memory: implicit memory for cognitive and motor tasks that have a physical procedural aspect to them

--priming: implicit influence of an earlier presented stimulus on the response to a later stimulus. independent of concious memory for the earlier stimulus

amnesics

a person with severe memory deficits following brain surgery or injury

Anterograde Amnesia

inability to form new explicit long-term memories for events following surgery or trama to the brain. Explicit memories formed before the surgery or trama are left intact

Retrograde Amnesia

disruption of memory for the past, especially episodic info. for events before, especially just before, surgery or trama to the brain

Infantile/Child Amnesia

inability as adults to remember events that accurded in our lives before 3 years old

free recall task

memory task, list of items presented one at a time and then the participant is free to recall them in any order

primary effect

superior recall of the earlier portion of a list in a one-trail free recall task

recency effect

superior recall of the latter portion of a list relative to the middle of the list in a one-trail free recall task

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