Anatomy Practice Quiz at Madonna University

Sarah M.

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Antidiuretic hormone...

a. is secreted by the adenohypophysis

b. stimulates water intake

c. stimulates water conservation by the kidneys

d. a, b, c

e. b, c

the extracellular fluid (ECF) consists of the...

a. interstital fluid

b. cerebrospinal fluid

c. plasma and lymph

d. all of the above

e. a, b

d. all of the above

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hypovetilation leads to...

a. metabolic alkalosis

b. respiratory acidosis

c. respiratory alkalosis

d. metabolic acidosis

b. respiratory acidosis

when pure water is consumed...

a. the ECF becomes hyertonic to the ICF

b. the volume of the ICF decreases

c. osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall

d. the volume of the ECF decrease

e. a fluid shift occurs and the volume of the ICF decreases

c. osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall

when water is lost, but electrolytes are retained...

a. osmosis move water from the ICF to the ECF

b. both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute

c. there is an increase in the volume of the ICF

d. the osmolarity of the ECF falls

e. b, d

a. osmosis move water from the ICF to the ECF

to reduce brain swelling by pulling water out of brain cells, a substance can be injected intravenously to increase the osmotic pressure of interstital fluid. which of the following properties can this substance NOT have to be effective?

a. permeable to capillary endothelium

b. permeable to brain plasma membranes

c. nontoxic to neurons

d. impermeable to brain plasma membranes

e. soluble in water

b. permeable to brain plasma membranes

when the pH of the extracellular fluid DROPS, the...

a. kidneys excrete more hydrogen ions

b. kidneys excrete more bicarbonate ions

c. kidneys excrete fewer bicarbonate ions

d. a, b

e. a, c

angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the ECF volume by...

a. triggereing the production and secretion of aldosterone

b. causing the release of ADH

c. stimulating thirst

d. a, b

e. a, b, c

all of the following are components of ECF, except...

a. peritoneal fluid

b. cerebrospinal fluid

c. lymph

d. RBCs

e. aqueous humor

d. RBCs

the amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by...

a. parathormone

b. glucocorticoids

c. aldosterone

d. ADH

e. atrial natriuretic peptides

c. aldosterone

which hormone(s) is released by heart muscle in response to excessive chamber volume?

a. acetylcholine

b. natriuretic peptides

c. ADH

d. PTH

e. aldosterone

b. natriuretic peptides

the ions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are...

a. sodium, potassium, calcium

b. sodium, hygrogen, phosphate

c. sodium, potassium, phosphate

d. sodium, potassium, bicarbonate

e. sodium, chloride, bicarbonate

in response to respiratory alkalosis, the...

a. respiratory rate increases

b. kidneys retain more hydrogen ions

c. kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions

d. tidal volume increases

e. kidneys conserve bicarbonate

b. kidneys retain more hydrogen ions

which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism?

a. ADH

b. aldosterone

c. ANP

d. epinephrine

e. BNP

a. ADH

a chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is called a(n)?

a. acid

b. alkali

c. compensation

d. buffer

e. electrolyte

d. buffer

in an adult female, the body consists of about ___ percent water.

a. 60

b. 80

c. 70

d. 50

e. 40

d. 50

which of the following with stimulate thirst?

a. angiotensin II acting on the hypothalamus

b. drying the mucosa of the mouth and pharynx

c. an increase in the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid within the hypothalamus

d. a, b

e. a, b, c

substances that can carry electrical current across cell membranes are called?

a. osmoregulators

b. electrons

c. buffers

d. electrolytes

e. nonelectrolytes

d. electrolytes

approximately ___ liters of peritoneal fluid are produced and reabsorbed each day.

a. 15

b. 10

c. 20

d. 9

e. 7

a patient on a ventilator subjected to excessive minute volume is at risk for?

a. metabolic alkalosis

b. respiratory acidosis

c. metabolic acidosis

d. respiratory alkalosis

the release of atrial naturetic peptides from the heart will cause the body to...

a. conserve sodium ions

b. decrease ECF

c. excrete sodium ions

d. a, b

e. b, c

in a lean adult male, the body consists of about ___ percent water.

a. 60

b. 80

c. 40

d. 10

e. 90

a. 60

a person with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus will develop...

a. respiratory alkalosis

b. metabolic alkalosis

c. respiratory acidosis

d. metabolic acidosis

the most common problems with electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance between gains and losses of...

a. sodium ions

b. chlorine ions

c. potassium ions

d. electons

e. calcium ions

a. sodium ions

excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by...

a. the liver

b. the feces

c. the kidneys

d. buffers

e. sweating

c. the kidneys

consuming a meal high in salt will...

a. cause hypotension

b. decrease thirst

c. drastically increase the osmolarity of the blood

d. result in temporary increase in blood volume

e. activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism

d. result in temporary increase in blood volume

a person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda") to settle an upset stomach risks...

a. metabolic acidosis

b. respiratory alkalosis

c. metabolic alkalosis

d. respiratory acidosis

c. metabolic alkalosis

which hormone most affects the osmolarity of blood?

a. angiotensin II

b. ADH

c. PTH

d. ANP

e. epinephrine

b. ADH

a person with emphysema will exhibit signs of...

a. chronic respiratory alkalosis

b. chronic respiratory acidosis

c. chronic metabolic acidosis

d. actue respiratory acidosis

b. chronic respiratory acidosis

exchange between the two main subdivisions of ECF occurs primarily at the...

a. arteries

b. tissues

c. veins

d. muscles

e. capillaries

prolonged vomiting can result in...

a. respiratory alkalosis

b. metabolic alkalosis

c. metabolic acidosis

d. respiratory acidosis

the ions in highest concentration in the intracellular fluid are...

a. potassium, chloride, bicarbonate

b. potassium, hydrogen, chloride

c. sodium, potassium, bicarbonate

d. proteins, potassium, phosphate

e. sodium, potassium, calcium

b. potassium, hydrogen, chloride

a patient who has been both vomiting and having diarrhea is losing ___ from his body.

a. sodium

b. water

c. bicarbonate ion

d. hydrogen ion

e. all of the above

which of the following desriptions best fits the acid-base disorder metabolic alkalosis?

a. consequence of prolonged vomiting

b. consequence of tissue hypoxia, for example in ischemic conditions

c. consequence of hyperventilation, for example in fever or mental illness

d. consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation, for example due to COPD

a. consequence of prolonged vomiting

calcium reabsorption by the kidneys is promoted by the hormone...

a. calcitonin

b. ADH

c. parathyroid hormone

d. aldosteronee

e. cortisol

c. parathyroid hormone

which hormone plays a centeral role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion?

a. epinephrine

b. aldosterone

c. ADH

d. ANP

e. BNP

b. aldosterone

severe kidney damage (such as glomerulonephirits) often leads to...

a. respiratory acidosis

b. metabolic acidosis

c. respiratory alkalosis

d. metabolic alkalosis

b. metabolic acidosis

aldosterone...

a. is secreted in response to elevated levels of potassium in the blood

b. promotes sodium retention in the kidneys

c. helps decrease blood volume and lower blood pressure

d. a, b, c

e. a, b

the principal cation in intracellular fluid is...

a. potassium

b. chloride

c. calcium

d. sodium

e. magnesium

a. potassium

the primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonte buffer system is to...

a. buffer the urine

b. buffer stomach acid

c. buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide

d. limit pH changes caused by organic an fixed acids

e. increase ventilation

d. limit pH changes caused by organic an fixed acids

which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory acidosis?

a. consequence of tissue hypoxia, for examply in ischemic conditions

b. consequece of hyperventilation, for examply in fever or mental illness

c. consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation, for example due to emphysema

d. consequence of prolonged vomiting

c. consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation, for example due to emphysema

about two-thirds of the body fluid is within cells and is termed ___ fluid.

a. intracellular

b. extracelluar

c. intercellular

d. vital

e. interstitial

a. intracellular

secretion of potassium into the urine is...

a. increased by aldosterone

b. associated with the reabsorption of sodium from the distal tubules and collecting ducts

c. minimal because the human diet includes very little potassium

d. a, b, c

e. a, b

which of the followin descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory alkalosis?

a. consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation, for example dur to COPD

b. consequence of prolonged vomiting

c. consequence of tissue hypoxia, for example in ischemic conditions

d. consequence of hyperventilation, for example in fever or mental illness

intracellular fluid (ICF) is found only within...

a. cells of the body

c. cerebrospinal fluid

c. lymph

d. interstitial space

e. blood vessels

a. cells of the body

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