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What do tendons do?
Tendons
Tendons
Tendon
What do the ligaments do?
Ligament
What tissues make up the skin?
What makes up tissue?
Tissue
What is a sagital section? How does it differ from midsagital section?
What is a transverse cross-section?
what is keratin?
What does melanin do?
Melanin
where is epithelial tissue found?
Epithelial Tissue
What are characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue and where can it be found?
Where is Connective tissue found?
Connective Tissue
nervous tissue is found where?
Nervous Tissue
What do osteocytes do?
What do osteoclasts do?
what do osteoblasts do?
What is an open fracture?
What is a greenstick fracture?
what is a pott fracture?
What is a transverse fracture?
oppositional growth
What is the sagittal relationship between compact and spongy bone?
Type of bones formed by endochondral ossification
thick filaments
thin filaments
6 Function of calcium in skeletal muscle contraction
What makes up a neuromuscular junction?
Synaptic vesicles in the neuromuscular junction contain _________.
What are Isometric Contractions?
What are isotonic muscle contractions?
Isotonic Muscle Contraction
What is an agonist(prime mover)?
Prime mover (agonist)
Prime Mover (Agonist)
What is the antagonist?
Antagonist
Antagonist
what is a fixator?
Fixator
What is the origin and insertion of a muscle?
what is a twitch?
What is Wave Summation?
Wave Summation
what is a sacomere?
what is motor unit?
What is a synapse
What are all the parts of a neuron, and what do they do?
Salvatory conduction
what external and internal charges at rest is?
Where is white and grey matter located in the brain and spine?
what makes up the CNS?
the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are found where?
What are the components of the brain stem?
What are the functions of the following lobes of the brain:
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
Sympathetic N.S.
What are the functions of the parasympathetic N.S.?
What neurotransmitters are secreted from the cholinergic & adrenergic fibers
The neurotransmitters released from the preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons are
What is a synergist?
Synergist
Synergist
How many human skeletal muscles?
How many kinds of muscle tissue? And what are they?
What is their purpose
Functions of the musle
Fascia
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Fusiform Muscles
Triangular (convergent) muscles
Parallel Muscles
Circular muscles
Pennate muscles
Direct (fleshy) attachment to bone
Origin
Origin
Belly
InsertionBony
Action
Intrinsic muscles
Extrinsic muscles
Responsiveness (excitability)
Conductivity
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Striations
Striations
Voluntary
Myofibers
myofibrils
myofilaments
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasm
Mitochondria
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
Terminal Cisternae
T tubules
Triad
Internal proteins (myofibers)
Glycogen (myofibers)
Myoglobin (myofibers)
multiple nuclei (myofibers)
myoblasts (myofibers)
satellite cells (myofibers)
Thick filaments (myofilaments)
Thin filaments (myofilaments)
Elastic filaments (myofilaments)
Contractile proteins
What are two contractile proteins?
Regulatory proteins
Name two regulatory proteins
Accessory Proteins
Duchenne MD
Study of muscles
Functions of Muscles
Functions of Muscles
Histology of Muscles
Thin sleeve of loose connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber
A thicker connective sheath that wraps muscle fibers together in bundles called fascicles
A fibrous sheath that surround the entire muscle
A sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles or muscle groups from each other and the subcutaneous tissue
Connect muscle to bone allowing for contractions to move bone
Attachment site at non-mobile end
Attachment site at mobile end
Thicker portion of muscle between insertion and origin
Effect produced by muscle contraction
Entirely contained within a particular region, having both its origin and insertion there
Acts upon a designated region but has its origin elsewhere
Thick in middle & tapered at ends
Fan shaped; broad at origin & tapering to a narrower insertion
Have uniform width and parallel fascicles
Act as sphincters
Feather shaped; fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon
Also known as primary mover
Opposite of agonist
Holds a joint in place
Assists the agonist
Increase in joint angle
Decrease in joint angle
Elevation of toes
Point toes down
Removing from midline
Adding to midline
Circular motion with one end of an appendage stationary
Taking joint beyond full extension or "zero position"
Move the soles of the foot medially, towards each other
Move the soles laterally, away from each other
Palms down, lying down
Lateral and medial
Multiple Motor Unit
Temporal Summation
Isometric Muscle Contraction
Concentric Contraction
Eccentric Contraction
ATP supply depends on availability of what?
Anaerobic Fermentation
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Myoglobin
Myokinase
Creatine Kinase
Phosphagen System
Glycolsis
Glycogen-lactic acid system
Muscle Fatigue
Causes of muscle fatigue
Endurance
Maximum oxygen uptake
Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)
Oral Creatine Supplement
Carbohydrate Loading
Slow Oxidative, Slow-twitch, red, or type I fibers
Fast Glycolytic, Fast-twitch, white, or type II fibers
Muscular strength depends on
Resistance training
Endurance Training
Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Muscles
Cardiac Muscle
Characteristics of cardiac muscle cells
Smooth Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Muiltiunit smooth muscle
Single-unit smooth muscle
Stimulation of Smooth Muscle
Contraction and Relaxation of Smooth
Functions of Skeletal Muscle
The loose connective tissue that surrounds each individual muscle cell is called the
The connective tissue layer that surrounds individual fascicles within skeletal muscle
Muscle fibers are arranged in bundles within a muscle. These bundles, wrapped in connective tissue, are called
A connective tissue layer that surrounds an entire muscle and projects down into the muscle to form the perimysium is called
Connective tissue sheet separating neighboring muscles or muscle groups
A muscle that is thick in the middle and tapered at each end is called
A muscle that is broad at one end and narrower at the other is called
A muscle with its fasciculi arranged like barbs of a feather is called
Fascicles insert on the tendon from both sides
Many bipennate muscle units merging into one tendon
All fascicles approach tendon from one side of the muscle
Circular muscles that form rings around body openings
Fascia separates muscles into functional groups called
A muscle anchored to the bone via a tendon is called
Connective tissue structure that attach bone to muscle is called
The site of muscle attachment that remains stationary with contraction
The muscle attachment that is moved with contraction
The thicker middle region of a muscle is called
A muscle that produces most of the force during particular joint action is called
Assists the prime mover that is causing the action
A muscle that prevents a bone from moving is called
A muscle with both the origin and insertion in the same body region
Site of action is in a region different from their site of origin
A muscle that opposes the action at a join is called
A muscle of uniform width with fascicles aligned along its longitudinal axis would be called
A bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue
A characteristic of all cells, but one that muscles and nerves have developed to the highest degree is