Chapter 10 Terms, Positive Interpersonal Relationships - Psychology 476 with Peterson at University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

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Related Textbooks:

A Primer in Positive Psychology

3-word Summary of Positive Psychology

Other people matter

Equity Theory

Close relationships—friendships or romances—persist to the degree that both people involved believe that they are getting out of the relationship is proportional to what they are putting into it

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List of Interpersonal Resources

Goods
Information
Love
Money
Services
Status

Social Support

How others help us to cope with stressful events

Forms of Social Support

Appraisal Support
Emotional Support
Informational Support
Instrumental Support

Types of Appraisal Support

Constructive feedback
Affirmation
Social Comparison

Types of Emotional Support

Empathy
Trust
Caring
Nurturance

Types of Informational Support

Advice
Suggestions
Solutions

Types of Instrumental Support

Tangible Aid and Service

Amae

Japanese Concept
Indulgent Interdependence

Attachment Theory

Emphasizes feelings that bind us together

Strange Situation Test

Infants are separated from their mothers and observed

Avoidant Children

Ainsworth
Do not cry when their mother leaves and either ignore her or turn away upon her return

Securely Attached Children

Ainsworth
Show the pattern of seeking and maintaining contact with their mother

Ambivalent Children

Ainsworth
These children cry when their mother leaves but are not comforted when she returns

Emotionally focused couples Therapy

Well-validated approach for troubled couples
Based on attachment theory
Partners learn to comfort, reassure and to support one another
Open the door to new emotional experiences

Affiliation

the people involved simply want to be associated with some other person--his or her specific identity is not all that important

Social Comparison

In order to evaluate our skills, aptitudes and values, we compare them to those of others

Liking

The people involved have a positive attitude toward each other

Predispositions to the positive attitudes of "Liking"

Proximity
Similarity
Complementarity of needs
High ability
Attractiveness
Reciprocity

Proximity

Other things being equal, we like those who live close to us

Similarity

Other things being equal, we like those whose personality traits satisfy our needs

Complementarity of Needs

Other things being equal, we like those who are competent

Attractiveness

Other things being equal, we like those who are physically attractive or otherwise pleasing

Reciprocity

Other things being equal, we like those who like us

Friendship

When liking is coupled with a mutual perception of similarity and expectations of reciprocity and parity

Love

When a relationship is characterized by reciprocated exclusiveness, absorption, predispositions to help one another, and interdependence

2 types of Love

Passionate Love
Companionate Love

Passionate Love

Occurs at the beginning of an affair and is marked by extreme absorption and dramatic mood swings, from ecstasy to anguish

Companionate Love

Unshakable affection shared by two people whose lives have become intertwined

4 ways we respond to our partners when something happens to them

Active-Constructive Responding
Active-Destructive Responding
Passive-Constructed Responding
Passive-Destructive Responding

Active-Constructive Responding

An Enthusiastic response

Active-Destructive Responding

A response that points out the potential downside

Passive-Constructive Responding

A muted response
"That's nice, Dear."

Passive-Destructive Responding

A response that conveys disinterest
"It rained all day here."

Imprinting

Tendency of the young of some species, like ducklings, to follow and become attached to the first moving object they see

Interpersonal Resources

Things that people give to and receive from one another

Oxytocin

Hormone-like substance released in the brain in response to social contact

Strange Situation Test

Laboratory procedure for assessing the attachment style of a child by briefly separating the child from the mother

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