-makes psychological diagnosis more objective; creates a set of criteria for classification
-insurance forms
1. psychopathologies
2.Personality disorders
3. physical conditions
4. environmental stressors
5. overall functioning
1. unusual given the culture you're in
2. tend to cause problems
3. affect social relationships
4. stable over time
5. person doesnt see it as a disorder, but as part of who they are
rely too heavily on a parent, sibiling, or spouse to take care of everything, and it goes beyond anything that might be reasonable due to age, illness, or physcial handicap
- afraid to disagree bc afraid to exist on own
fear of failure, criticism, or rejection may lead people to avoid normal activies of school, work, and interactions w/others.
-expect absolute worst
-need constant reassurance
-inhibit emotional expression bc fear or rejection
-hard to get close to them
-deep craving for affection, but cant do anything about it
-bound by rituals and rules
-8 characteristics- diagnosis needs 4
-based on obsessions and compulsions
extreme patter of suspcion, hostility, and resentment
-always think they're being plotted against
-always on alert for betrayal
-maintain grudge for long time
-dont trust anyone
extreme pattern of attention-getting behavior & shallow but dramatically expressed emotions
-always be center of attention
-express opinion strongly just for affect- even if unopinionated
-strong emotions that may suddenly disappear
-describe casual aquaintances as dear friends
extreme pattern of deceitful, manipulative & sometimes dangerous behavior.
-vandalism, theft, harassment, drug dealing
-impulsive, reckless, irritable, aggressive, irresponsible, damage they do to others does not bother them at alll
an extreme pattern of arrogant exploitative behavior combined w/notable lack of empathy
-characterized by emotional instability and an unpleasant emotional life
-must display 5 of the 9 characteristics
extreme patterns of odd beliefs and behaviors and of difficulty relating to others
-odd and eccentric beliefs and behaviors, interpersonal awkwardness to the point of strangness
-discomfort w/social interactions that gets wrose as interactions progress
extreme pattern of seeming indifference to others and a cold bland style of behavior
-unable to take pleasure from any sort of social interaction
-indifferent to other's opinions
-lack of reaction to events
extreme and sometimes dangerous patterns of emotional instability, emotional emptiness, confused identity, and tendencies toward self-harm
-unstable & confused behavior- mood can change rapidly "emotional hemophelia"
-poor sense of identity
-patterns of self-harm
-clinical impressions
-self-report scales
-structured interviews
-informant reports
odd or eccentric patterns of thinking
-schizotypal, schizoid, paranoid
impulsive and erratic patterns of behavior
-histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, borderline
anxious and avoidant emotional styles
-dependent, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive
