Chapter 18

-makes psychological diagnosis more objective; creates a set of criteria for classification

-insurance forms

1. unusual given the culture you're in

2. tend to cause problems

3. affect social relationships

4. stable over time

5. person doesnt see it as a disorder, but as part of who they are

rely too heavily on a parent, sibiling, or spouse to take care of everything, and it goes beyond anything that might be reasonable due to age, illness, or physcial handicap

- afraid to disagree bc afraid to exist on own

fear of failure, criticism, or rejection may lead people to avoid normal activies of school, work, and interactions w/others.

-expect absolute worst

-need constant reassurance

-inhibit emotional expression bc fear or rejection

-hard to get close to them

-deep craving for affection, but cant do anything about it

-bound by rituals and rules

-8 characteristics- diagnosis needs 4

-based on obsessions and compulsions

extreme patter of suspcion, hostility, and resentment

-always think they're being plotted against

-always on alert for betrayal

-maintain grudge for long time

-dont trust anyone

extreme pattern of attention-getting behavior & shallow but dramatically expressed emotions

-always be center of attention

-express opinion strongly just for affect- even if unopinionated

-strong emotions that may suddenly disappear

-describe casual aquaintances as dear friends

extreme pattern of deceitful, manipulative & sometimes dangerous behavior.

-vandalism, theft, harassment, drug dealing

-impulsive, reckless, irritable, aggressive, irresponsible, damage they do to others does not bother them at alll

an extreme pattern of arrogant exploitative behavior combined w/notable lack of empathy

-characterized by emotional instability and an unpleasant emotional life

-must display 5 of the 9 characteristics

extreme patterns of odd beliefs and behaviors and of difficulty relating to others

-odd and eccentric beliefs and behaviors, interpersonal awkwardness to the point of strangness

-discomfort w/social interactions that gets wrose as interactions progress

extreme pattern of seeming indifference to others and a cold bland style of behavior

-unable to take pleasure from any sort of social interaction

-indifferent to other's opinions

-lack of reaction to events

extreme and sometimes dangerous patterns of emotional instability, emotional emptiness, confused identity, and tendencies toward self-harm

-unstable & confused behavior- mood can change rapidly "emotional hemophelia"

-poor sense of identity

-patterns of self-harm

odd or eccentric patterns of thinking

-schizotypal, schizoid, paranoid

impulsive and erratic patterns of behavior

-histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, borderline

anxious and avoidant emotional styles

-dependent, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive