COPD and Asthma

Mitzi W.

• 33

cards

COPD definition

Disease defined by airflow limitation that is…

-Progressive

-Not fully reversible

-Associated with inflammatory response to noxious agent

-May or may not have emphysema

-Varies greatly from one individual to another

Chronic bronchitis

Chronic cough/sputum for 3 months, 2 yrs consecutive

-Pathologically different from emphysema

-R/O other causes for chronic cou

Emphysema

Irreversible increase in air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, wall destruction

-May or may not have elements of chronic bronchitis

-No Fibrosis

an anatomical description characterized by weakening and permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and destruction of the alveolar walls

COPD risk factors

smoking- primary cause of cb and emphysema

Indoor/Outdoor Pollution

-Occupational

-Perinatal Lung Development

-Socioeconomic Status

-Recurrent Respiratory Illness

-Gender

-Airway Hyperreactivity/Asthma

-Diet

-Genes (α one antitrypsin def)

Chronic Bronchitis Patho

submucosal gland enlargement and goblet cell hyperplasia lead to overproduction of mucous

Bronchial wall edema

These 2 factors together narrow airwayand increase airway resistance

Emphysema Patho

loss of elastic recoil/ loss of alveolar capillary surface area

Enlarge/destruction air spaces

- Weakening of distal airways

Loss of Elastic Recoil

-Destruction of pulm capillaries

Loss of Cap-Alv SA

leads to increase compliance, increase airway resistance, decrease exp flow rates, hyperinflation

VQ mismatch->hypoxia->pulm vasc comstriction->pulm htn

Types of emphysema

clinical presentation

Clinical presentation- physical exam

clinical presentation- pulm and cv assessment

COPD labs

COPD radiographs

COPD diagnosis

Spirometry terms

Staging COPD by spirometry

BODE Index

4 components of COPD management

Bronchodilators

Anti Cholinergics

Beta-Agonists

Methylxanthines

Inhaled Glucocorticoids

Therapy for each stage of COPD

o2 therapy

COPD management of acute exacerbations

antibiotic use for exacerbation

Management of COPD exac with rep failure

Asthma definition

Asthma risk factors- Intrinsic

Asthma risk factors environmental

Asthma triggers

Asthma patho key points

Asthma clinical presentation

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