“scientific revolutions” and /or
“paradigm shifts”
Copernican Revolution
Approaches to questions
Archbishop Ussher (1581-1656) (wall chart of world history)
Natural philosophy
middle age idea of fossil
why so hard to think fossil was living?
Steno (1638-1686)
James Hutton (1726-1797)
: earth as an inexhaustible heat engine
Deism
deism2
deism 3
TELEOLOGY—The PURPOSE (nature is a purposeful place):
no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end”
Unconformity at Jedburgh
actualism
Charles Lyell (1797-1875)
gradualism
fossils 2
extinction?
Cuvier (1769-1832)
founder of Comparative Anatomy
“Proof” of extinction”
Cuvier 2
CONSEQUENCES of the reality of extinctions:
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
1744-1829
use and disuse
Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
Lamarcks criticism
Pangenesis
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
(1859)
Descent with Modification
Natural Selection
support for descent with modification
support for descent with modification 2
support for descent with modification 3
Anatomical Evidence:
How to explain similarity in
Body Plan?
homology
Embryology
embryo
Vestigial (rudimentary) Organs
four ways descent with modification is supported
natural selection three ways it is proved true
Variability:
Heritability
Selection
why deduction
Malthus’ Iron Laws of Population
so how are populations controlled?
selection justification
evolution difference from lamarck
microevolution
Artificial Selection
.
problems that faced darwin
Mechanism of Inheritance
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
Discovered the laws of heredity but his work did not become known
until the 20
th century.
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
Discovered the laws of heredity but his work did not become known
until the 20
th century.
Fundamental Laws of
Inheritance.
Genotype
Phenotype
Alleles
Diploid
Homologous
Homozygous/heterozygous:
truth of heredity
Darwin and the fossil record
Problem: Life of the Pre-Cambrian
Problem: Age of the Earth
improving darwins idea of variation
Mutations
how there can be dramatic changes in evolution
Point Mutation
Insertion
gene copy number
duplication
Regulatory genes
regulatory genes
reproductive isolation
allopatric
speciation
Fecundity
causes of extinction
William Smith (1796)
GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE
Related Study Materials
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