Exam 2 UNIT 11 - Psychology 210 with Mcdermott at University of Washington - Seattle Campus

Gavin F.

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Related Textbooks:

Culture and Sexuality

Related Textbooks:

Human Sexuality

Related Textbooks:

Human Sexuality Today, VangoBooks (6th Edition)

Components of Sexual Orientation-

-sexual identity (sense of self)

-sexual lifestyle (role in society)

Dichotomous Categories Model Outcome-

-heterosexual or homosexual

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Continuum Model Outcome-

-homosexuality, heterosexuality, or bisexuality

Vectors Model Outcome-

-heterosexuality (high on heteroerotic, low on homoerotic)

-homosexuality (low on hetererotic, high on homoerotic)

-bisexuality (high on heteroerotic, high on homoerotic)

-asexuality (low on heteroerotic, low on homoerotic)

Dimensions Model Outcome-

-scales compile for profile of person:

-erotic attraction (homoerotic, heteroerotic)

-emotional attachment (homophilic, heterophilic)

-sexual behavior (homosexual, heterosexual)

-sexual identity

-sexual role in society

-cognitive schema (mindset)

Ambisexuality-

-sex acts involving partners who could be both male and/or female

-sex acts between heterosexuals

-sex acts between homosexuals of opposite gender

Pattern of Same-Sex Sexual Behavior in the U.S.-

-monosexual (one partner through life)

-hierarchical hetero-dominant (hetero’s have advantages in society)

-peer (transgenerational) (sex between same aged people)

-gender-conforming (dominant males can be with dominant males)

-contramarital (people don’t marry and set up informal sex)

-fluid role (both partners engage in all aspects of sex)

Same-Sex Sexual Behavior vs. Homosexual Role-

-same-sex behavior occurs in almost all human cultures; homosexuality as a distinct social role occurs in some

-cultures with sequential or concurrent ambisexuality may not recognize a separate homosexual role

-in dichotomous monosexuality cultures self and social homosexual identity emerges

Patterns of Same-Sex Behavior-

-tremendous variability throughout cultures

-cultural expectations, sanctions shape the lifestyle associated with same-sex behavior

Social Value of Same-Sex Behavior-

-tremendous variability throughout cultures with regard to sanctions on same-sex activity

-special/inferior social status does not typically accompany same-sex sexual behavior

-36% of cultures are neutral to negative, 64% of cultures are neutral to positive

Incorrect Assumptions Surrounding Bisexuality-

-a phase of development leading to homosexuality or heterosexuality

-denial of homosexuality

-attachment disorder

Monosexism-

-prejudice from both heterosexuals and homosexuals toward bisexuals

-assumption that there are only 2 “real” sexual orientations

Gays/Lesbians Hate Crimes-

-four times more likely then heterosexuals, men more likely than women

Factors Causing Homosexuality-

-genetics

-fetal environment

-gender role socialization

-parental attachment

-peer sexual experience

-childhood sexual abuse

Explanations for Continuance of Same-Sex Behavior Traits-

-biodiversity

-balanced polymorphism

-kin/parental selection

-indirect adaptive advantages

-male femininity

Nuclei in the Hypothalamus-

-differing size brings different sexual behaviors

-INAH (interstitial hypothalamus) 3 is double the size in heterosexual men compared to homosexual men

Possible Differences in Straight and Gay Male Brains-

-genetic instruction (possible gene on X chromosome)

-prenatal environment (fetal or maternal hormones or other factors)

-postnatal environment (pubertal hormones or other factors)

Pheromones in Homosexuals-

-gay males and straight females process a testosterone-derivative odor found in male sweat in the hypothalamus but do not process estrogen-metabolite odor found in female urine in the hypothalamus

-lesbians process both of the above

Genetics in Homosexuals-

-predict 48-75% genetic influence on sexual orientation

-genes probably play some role in same-sex attraction

Luteinizing Hormone in Homosexual Males-

-homosexual males have surge levels in between heterosexual males (low) and females (high)

-side note: female fetuses exposed to androgens have higher rates of lesbian sexual identity

Male Birth Order Effect-

-each additional older brother adds 33% odds of homosexuality to newborn brother

Bem Model Theory-

-child is born with a predisposition for gender-typical activities

-child’s preference puts them with same-gender children

-as time passes opposite gender becomes exotic from loss of familiarity

-puberty brings rush of hormones that causes exotic to become erotic

-for gay people they simply have a predisposition for the wrong gender activities

-this is only for a small percentage of gays

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