Final Review Part 2 - Biology 2624 with Mikell at Oklahoma Christian University of Science & Arts

Ali M.

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Related Textbooks:

Microbiology: An Introduction, Books a la Carte Edition (10th Edition)

Meningitis

· An amoeba

· is not the same as encephalitis

· Blood-brain barrier

Neiseria Meningititis

· Associated with college age: 10% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers

· Caused by N. meningidis

o Gram-negative, aerobic cocci with a capsule

· Begins as throat infection, rash

· A lot of people are infected/carriers

· Vaccination required/recommended

· Stress, fomites, sharing drinks, kissing – can spread it and cause more carriers

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Listeriosis

· Caused by Listeria monocytogenes

· Usually foodborne: unpasteurized dairy products

· Can cause transplacental infections

· Severe birth defects – still birth

· Brain infections

· Responsible for some of the largest food recall

· Psychrotroph

o Can grow in fridge

Tetanus:

clostridium (gram- positive rod)

· Anaerobic! Grows in deep warm dark places without oxygen

· Puncture wounds- grows in deep wounds

· tetanospasmin

· Clostridium have endospores [and so does bacillus (anthrax and anaerobic)]

· Hard to kill

· Lock jaw

spastic paralysis

Botulism

· Neurotoxin

· Botulinal toxin blocks release of neurotransmitter, causing Flaccid paralysis (limp)

· Has the greatest toxicity – the lowest LD50; worst food poisining

· Caused by clostridium botulinum

canned goods

· food poisoning, found in honey (neurotoxin)

· Botulism = Don’t give honey to infants – big kids have well established gut florae

Leprosy

· Also called Hansen’s disease

· Caused by mycobacterium lepra

· Grows in peripheral nerves and skin cells

· Chief virulence factor: Acid-fast, waxy wall, mycolic acid

· Armadillo’s have lepra endemically

Carville, LA

Polio

· Causes paralysis

· Can cause paralysis of the diaphragm; and then you’d need an iron lung

· Waterborn, associated with poor sanitation

poliomyelitis

· Destruction of motor cells and paralysis occurs in <1% of cases

· Vaccination: sabine (attenuated, oral) and salk (killed, dead vaccine)

· Infection is naturally orally transmitted- better option

· Related to mucosal antibody called IgA

· IgG would be produced from salk vaccine (if you were shot in the butt.. this is what would happen)

Rabies

· Louis Pasteur; Tried his vaccine on Joseph misner

· Furious rabies: animals are resless then highly excitable

· Paralytic rabies: animals seem unaware of surroundings

· Transmitted by animal bites

· Bats, dogs, raccoons, dogs

· 50,000 people die a year from rabies

· > 1,000,000 people receive post-exposure prophylactic care

· prevention: immunization of domestic animals

· post infection vaccination + antisera (like tetanus)

mycobacterium

· Mycolic waxy coat

prokaryote with a nucleus

o Slow growth

· Tuberculosis

· Leprosy

Trypanosoma

· African Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

o Chronic (2-4 years)

· Transmitted from animals to humans: the tsetse fly

· Prevention

o Elimination of the vector

American: kissing bug; chagas disease

protozoan

Naegleria

· Protozoan infects nasal mucosa from swimming water

· Just about 100% mortality

· Causes encephalitis/ black mess out of your brain

· Brain eating

· The amoeba gets to the brain by following the nerves in the nose directly to the brain

Prions

are infectious proteins

Kuru

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

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