Final Review Part 2

·      An amoeba

·      is not the same as encephalitis

·      Blood-brain barrier

·      Associated with college age: 10% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers

·      Caused by N. meningidis

o  Gram-negative, aerobic cocci with a capsule

·      Begins as throat infection, rash

·      A lot of people are infected/carriers

·      Vaccination required/recommended

·      Stress, fomites, sharing drinks, kissing – can spread it and cause more carriers

·      Caused by Listeria monocytogenes

·      Usually foodborne: unpasteurized dairy products

·      Can cause transplacental infections

·      Severe birth defects – still birth

·      Brain infections

·      Responsible for some of the largest food recall

·      Psychrotroph

o  Can grow in fridge

·      Anaerobic! Grows in deep warm dark places without oxygen

·      Puncture wounds- grows in deep wounds

·      tetanospasmin

·      Clostridium have endospores [and so does bacillus (anthrax and anaerobic)]

·      Hard to kill

·      Lock jaw

spastic paralysis

·      Neurotoxin

·      Botulinal toxin blocks release of neurotransmitter, causing Flaccid paralysis (limp)

·      Has the greatest toxicity – the lowest LD50; worst food poisining

·      Caused by clostridium botulinum

canned goods

·      food poisoning, found in honey (neurotoxin)

·      Botulism = Don’t give honey to infants – big kids have well established gut florae

·      Also called Hansen’s disease

·      Caused by mycobacterium lepra

·      Grows in peripheral nerves and skin cells

·      Chief virulence factor: Acid-fast, waxy wall, mycolic acid

·      Armadillo’s have lepra endemically

Carville, LA