Psych Unit 2 at Boise State University

Jennifer B.

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What is the reason most parents give when asked why they physically punish their children?

They were spanked as a child and their child also needs strong discipline.

A pig shoving an object on the ground instead of learning to carry it in his mouth is an example of...?

Instinctive drift

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Some bears kept in captivity allow veterinarians to routinely give them total body checkups. These bears open their mouths for teeth cleaning and present their paws for nail clipping. The bears have undergone an extensive ________ program.

Shaping

David earns one thousand dollars every time his sales reach one hundred thousand dollars. For David, the bonus is an example of ________ reinforcement.

Positive

Little Frankie loses five minutes of recess each time he misbehaves in class. His teacher is using...?

Negative punishment

- Something is TAKEN AWAY

Mary is a teacher in an inner city school that is considered "at-risk" because of low student achievement scores. She notices that most of the students believe that academic ability or intelligence is a fixed, innate ability. What can Mary expect from students given this mindset?

They will exhibit learned helplessness in academically challenging situations.

Kenny ate several hotdogs at the baseball game. Several hours later he got very nauseous and spent most of the night being physically sick. We can expect that he will....?

This is the Garcia effect....

Be unable to eat a hotdog at the next ball game he attends.

Being able to predict the occurrence of one stimulus by the presence of another one is called...?

Contingency

Being able to consciously recall information from the past and recite it, involves what type of memory?

Declarative

Which animals did Kandel and Schwartz use in their research on the neural mechanics of memory?

Sea slugs

Kandel and Schwartz used sea slugs in their research on memory because the sea slug has a...?

Reliable reflex only

People who describe life experiences as going from bad to better are ________ than people who describe life experiences as going from good to bad.

Better adjusted

Cognitive psychologist, Jonathan Schooler, has suggested that the term "recovered" memories be replaced with the term "discovered" memories. Why?

Individuals experience "discovered" memories as real.

Eyewitness accounts of crimes are prone to....?

Errors

Akira Haraguchi demonstrated an amazing memory ability when he recited all 80,000 digits of pi. What process in the human memory system did he utilize?

Mnemonist=astonishing memory abilities

Fifteen-year old Matt and his father are in an electronics store looking at video game systems. Matt gives his father a complete breakdown of the pros and cons of each of the different video game systems on display. Matt is able to accurately recall all of these details because he has....?

Deeply processed this information

Jacob is a server in a fancy restaurant. He takes orders without writing anything down. Which memory process does he use first?

Selective attention

A worker is paid $25 for every 20 wind chimes that she builds. On which schedule of reinforcement is she being paid?

Fixed ratio

Andrea is an avid golfer. She tries to imitate Michelle Wie's swing which she has seen on television and in person. This is an example of...?

Motor reproduction

Any situation that involves learning requires....?

Some relatively permanent change to occur.

Pavlov's dog automatically salivated to food because food is an innate....?

UCS- Unconditioned stimulus

Kayla is selling her Girl Scout cookies in the neighborhood. She never knows how many houses she will have to visit before she sells all of her cookies. Kayla is operating on a ________ schedule.

Variable-ratio

Pavlov's dog salivated to the sound of a bell because the bell had become the....?

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Your roommate, Rhiana, asks your advice on how to best study for her final exams. Because of your knowledge of context dependent memory, you recommend that she study where?

Quietly in the classroom in which she is to take her exam.

Mr. Lee, can talk for hours about his boyhood experiences. Family and friends marvel at how well he remembers his past despite the fact that he has a memory span of about two digits. Baddeley would say that Mr. Lee has a problem with his ________ functions.

Retrieval

Samantha prides herself in "never forgetting a face," although she frequently cannot put the correct name with a specific face. Samantha is really saying that she is better at...?

Recognition than recall

Vaguely aware that a request is being made of you, you ask your roommate to repeat herself. Before she can reply, however, the sound of the words, "bring a flyswatter to the kitchen," play through your mind. This is an example of ________ memory.

Echoic

According to Baddeley, ________ and ________ assist the central executive.

Visuospatial Working memory (imagery) & Phonological loop (speech based)

Remembering the name of the author who wrote the "Cat in the Hat" is referred to as ________ memory.

Semantic

________ memory is the ability to recount your memory in words

Declarative

You are taking both Spanish and French this semester. As you study the vocabulary words for your French test, you realize that the French words are disrupting the memory of the Spanish vocabulary words you studied last week. This is an example of....?

Retroactive= new info goes 'retro' & interferes with old; Proactive=old info wants to move ahead & go 'Pro'

Dr. Meyer is known for his difficult pop quizzes. Immediately before he springs a pop quiz on his students, he typically goes to the classroom door and closes it. Students soon learn to anticipate a pop quiz whenever Dr. Meyer closes the classroom door. Closing the door has become a(n)

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

John is taking an agent that causes nausea every time he smokes a cigarette. This is a form of...?

Aversive conditioning

Little Millie covers her ears every time she sees a flash of lightening during a storm. This reaction demonstrates...?

Classical conditioning

A ________ would be LEAST interested in a primary reinforcer.

Fish

Wendall gets anxious, teacher announces quiz, what is Wendall demonstrating?

Generalizability

Define "primacy effect"

What is remembered from the beginning

Define "latency effect"

It is easier to remember things at the end

Bubba, German Shepard, Barks when neighbors are grilling because they give them a treat. His owner doesn't want him to eat ppl food.

Discrimination

In Watson's experiment with "Little Albert" the RAT was....

Neutral (N)

Long-term potentiation is a concept that explains....

2 neurons activated at the same time & the connections increases.

Quesha is helping her roommate study for a psychology exam. She explains the importance of deeply processing the information. By this, Quesha is referring to a model of memory encoding developed by...?

Craik and Lockhart.

What key process is critical when moving new information from sensory memory into short-term memory?

Attention

Repression is...

Motivated forgetting

After getting food poisoning from the lunch cafeteria, Rodney now gets nauseous when he walks by and smells the food. What was the unconditioned stimulus in this scenario?

Food poisoning from the lunch cafeteria

Little Julie is watching Dora the Explorer help her mother clean up the kitchen after dinner. After the show, she walks into the kitchen to help her mommy clean up. Little Julie is demonstrating...

Observational learning

Being able to predict the occurrence of one stimulus by the presence of another one is called...?

Contingency

Define "contingency"

Close in time & a reliable indicator that the UCS is on it's way

A reinforcer that is innately satisfying and does not require any learning to be perceived of as pleasurable is referred to as a(n) ________ reinforcer.

Primary

Most of the time Fred climbs on the furniture without receiving any reprimands, however sometimes he is punished for this behavior. Fred's parents cannot understand why he is not a better behaved child. Fred's parents are reinforcing his negative behaviors on a ________ schedule.

Variable interval

Define "variable interval"

The times vary

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